The Glaser-Hay diyne coupling proved to be an efficient cyclisation approach towards diyne containing peptidic macrocycles. A variety of tetrapeptide-based macrocyclic 1,3-diynes were obtained from O-propargylated serine or tyrosine residues using Cu(OAc)2·H2O and NiCl2 under an O2-atmosphere. The effect of the linear 1,3-diyne on peptide conformations was studied by NMR and compared with a macrocycle bearing a saturated linker.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01153a | DOI Listing |
Chem Sci
January 2025
Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
This manuscript describes a strategy to readily access diverse aryl and homoaryl alanine-containing pharmaceutically relevant macrocyclic peptides. A two-step sequence involving the late-stage installation of the pyridinium functionality on macrocyclic peptides followed by reductive couplings was implemented. These transformations are amenable to microscale high-throughput experimentation (HTE) and enable rapid access to aryl alanine-containing macrocyclic peptides that would otherwise be inaccessible solid-phase peptide synthesis using commercially available amino acids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Biomol Chem
January 2025
Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, ACT, Australia.
Macrocyclic peptides containing a thiazole heterocycle exhibit fascinating properties in natural products and future therapeutics. We report a biocompatible macrocyclisation approach facilitated by an N-terminal cysteine and C-terminal nitriles. The use of various chiral α-amino nitriles enables the incorporation of diverse hydrophobic side chains adjacent to the thiazole motif.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Chem Biol
January 2025
Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Current methods for the macrocyclization of phage-displayed peptides often rely on small molecule linkers that nonspecifically react with targeted amino acid residues. To expand tool kits for more regioselective macrocyclization of phage-displayed peptides, this study explores the unique condensation reaction between an N-terminal cysteine and nitrile along with the reactivity of an internal cysteine. Five 2-cyanopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized for this purpose and evaluated for their selective macrocyclization of a protein-fused model peptide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioorg Med Chem
November 2024
Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
Interleukin-11 (IL-11), a member of the IL-6 cytokine family, has potential pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic roles in pulmonary, hepatic, cardiovascular, renal and intestinal disease pathogenesis, including oncogenesis. The potential for therapeutic intervention in these disease spaces has therefore made the IL-11 signaling axis an attractive target in drug discovery, and antibody inhibitors of IL-11 signaling are currently under evaluation in Phase I/II clinical trials. While lower molecular weight small molecule and peptide inhibitors may offer the potential for improved tissue penetration, developability and manufacturing cost compared with a protein therapeutic, reports of such chemical matter in the literature are limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Data
January 2025
Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
The process of developing new drugs is arduous and costly, particularly for targets classified as "difficult-to-drug." Macrocycles show a particular ability to modulate difficult-to-drug targets, including protein-protein interactions, while still allowing oral administration. However, the determination of membrane permeability, critical for reaching intracellular targets and for oral bioavailability, is laborious and expensive.
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