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Biomarkers.

Alzheimers Dement

December 2024

UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Background: The Amyloid-Tau-Neurodegeneration (ATN) biomarker framework for Alzheimer's disease (AD) indicates binary (presence/absence) designations for each type of pathology, without regard for anatomical distribution. Neurodegeneration is designated as positive if atrophy or hypometabolism are found on imaging. However, Clifford Jack et al.

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Background: This study aims at applying the AT(N) classification to a cohort of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders, and to investigate how many cases would be eligible for the emerging disease-modifying treatments.

Method: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of 429 patients referred to the Memory Center of IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital in Milan. Patients underwent clinical/neuropsychological assessments, lumbar puncture, structural brain imaging, and positron emission tomography (FDG-PET).

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Biomarkers.

Alzheimers Dement

December 2024

Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, UMR-1127, Mov'It, DreamTeam, Paris, France.

Background: Spectral power of slow rhythms in resting-state EEG increases along Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. Besides, recent studies have revealed 1) the importance of analyzing the aperiodic component of an EEG power spectrum and 2) the intrusions of sleep-like slow waves identifiable in wake EEG of animals and young adults. Importantly, the occurrence of these wake slow waves is known i) to increase after sleep deprivation, ii) to be associated with markers of sleepiness, and iii) to predict behavioral errors at different tasks.

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Biomarkers.

Alzheimers Dement

December 2024

Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Background: [F]FDG PET is essential since it allows us to differentiate between different dementia disorders/types, revealing distinct neurodegenerative patterns in those predisposed to the condition. Individuals with Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease (ADAD) have a predictable age of onset, enabling the study of cognitive and pathological changes before clinical manifestation. Our objective was to investigate temporal course and regional links between cognition and glucose metabolism as a measure of early synaptic impairment in ADAD.

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Background: About 20-30% of clinically diagnosed AD dementia patients do not meet pathologic criteria for AD and this proportion is even higher in amnestic MCI. Among tau-negative amnestic patients, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) has been described as a principal diagnostic alternative, especially at advanced age. LATE is characterized by a specific temporo-limbic hypometabolic signature on FDG-PET that may aid in differential diagnosis.

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