Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receive prophylaxis with oxidative drugs, those with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may experience hemolysis. However, G6PD deficiency has not been studied in the Dominican Republic, where many individuals have African ancestry. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Dominican HIV-infected patients and to attempt to develop a cost-effective algorithm for identifying such individuals. To this end, histories, chart reviews, and G6PD testing were performed for 238 consecutive HIV-infected adult clinic patients. The overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency (8.8%) was similar in males (9.3%) and females (8.5%), and higher in Haitians (18%) than Dominicans (6.4%; P = 0.01). By logistic regression, three clinical variables predicted G6PD status: maternal country of birth (P = 0.01) and a history of hemolysis (P = 0.01) or severe anemia (P = 0.03). Using these criteria, an algorithm was developed, in which a patient subset was identified that would benefit most from G6PD screening, yielding a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 97.2%, increasing the pretest probability (8.8-15.1%), and halving the number of patients needing testing. This algorithm may provide a cost-effective strategy for improving care in resource-limited settings.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0295 | DOI Listing |
Int J Neonatal Screen
December 2024
Laboratory of Genomic, Epigenetics, Precision and Predictive Medicine, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca 82403, Morocco.
Unlabelled: Newborn screening (NBS) represents an important public health measure for the early detection of specified disorders; such screening can prevent disability and death, not only from metabolic disorders but also from endocrine, hematologic, immune, and cardiac disorders. Screening for critical congenital conditions affecting newborns' health is a great challenge, especially in developing countries such as Morocco, where NBS program infrastructure is lacking. In addition, the consanguinity rate is high in Morocco.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Aging is influenced by cellular senescence mechanisms that are associated with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is the imbalance between antioxidants and free radicals. This imbalance affects enzyme activities and causes mitochondrial dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Case Rep
December 2024
Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Chenkaladi, Sri Lanka.
Background: Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that potentially produces methemoglobinaemia but rarely causes hemolysis, especially in children with underlying glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Although ingestion of a single moth ball by an older child may not be life threatening, it can be fatal if ingested by a toddler.
Case Presentation: A 2-year-old Singhalese boy developed acute severe hemolysis and methemoglobinaemia following ingestion of a mothball.
Malar J
December 2024
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.
Background: To eliminate malaria by 2035, Brazil must address Plasmodium vivax. Previously, first-line treatment was chloroquine plus 7-day primaquine (PQ) without glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency testing. In 2021, point-of-care quantitative G6PD testing and single-dose tafenoquine (TQ) were piloted in two municipalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Res Clin Pract
December 2024
Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Aims: To assess the impact of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, an enzymatic deficiency prevalent in individuals of African or Asian descent, on Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, diabetes medication purchases, and the cumulative incidence of diabetes related complications.
Methods: A large cohort study was conducted within a national health organization, comparing 3,913 G6PD-deficient patients to a matched control group without G6PD deficiency over two decades. The main measures and outcomes were the HbA1c levels, patterns of diabetes medication purchases, and the incidence of severe diabetes-related complications.
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