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The paper describes for the first time the method of contact ureteral lithotripsy in gaseous (CO2) medium. It presents the results of a comparative study of urolithiasis patients treated with this treatment modality (study group, n=30) and with traditional contact ureteral lithotripsy in liquid medium (control group, n=30). The incidence of retrograde migration of calculus in the kidney in the study group was 0%, while it was 16.6% in the control group. Acute or exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis was diagnosed in only 3 (10%) patients in the control group. The suggested method of contact ureteral lithotripsy is safe and provides several advantages over traditional contact ureteral lithotripsy in a fluid medium, such as: physiologic validity, absence of calculus hypermobility (increased mobility), improved visualization during surgery and high cost effectiveness.
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