A 400 keV deuteron (D(+)) radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator has been designed, built, and commissioned at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India. A beam line has been developed for injecting deuterons into the 400 keV RFQ. This comprises of a RF plasma ion source and a low energy beam transport (LEBT) system, consisting of two solenoid magnets and two steerer magnets. The ion source is characterized in terms of transverse beam emittance. A slit-wire scanner based emittance measurement setup has been developed for the transverse emittance measurements of H(+) and D(+) beams. The measured emittance values are found to be well within the acceptance value for the RFQ. These measured emittance parameters are used to optimize the solenoid fields in LEBT to match the beam from the ion source to RFQ. TRACEWIN simulation code is used for the beam transport simulations. The simulations show 99% transmission of D(+) beam through the RFQ, while 95% transmission has been measured experimentally.
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Heliyon
January 2025
Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
In recent years, antibiotic pollution has become a major environmental concern. The extensive production and widespread use of prescribed antibiotics have significantly impacted ecosystems. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of the antibiotic norfloxacin (NFX) under visible light.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Mater
January 2025
Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
We investigate magnesium-iron pyroborate MgFeBO as a potential cathode material for rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries. Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy confirm its successful synthesis and iron stabilization in the high-spin Fe(II) state. Initial electrochemical testing against a lithium metal anode yields a first charge capacity near the theoretical value (147.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
January 2025
Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux 4000, Belgium.
Pectin is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, a natural high molecular weight compound primarily found in higher plants. It consists of four major structural domains: homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), and xylogalacturonan (XGA). Various methods are currently employed for pectin extraction, including acid extraction, microbial fermentation, microwave-assisted extraction, and ion extraction, each with unique advantages and disadvantages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
January 2025
Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States.
An innovative biosorbent-based water remediation unit could reduce the demand for freshwater while protecting the surface and groundwater sources by using saline water resources, such as brine, brackish water, and seawater for irrigation. Herein, for the first time, we introduce a simple, rapid, and cost-effective iron(III)-tannate biosorbent-based technology, which functions as a stand-alone fixed-bed filter system for the treatment of salinity, heavy-metal contaminants, and pathogens present in a variety of water resources. Our approach presents a streamlined, cost-efficient, energy-saving, and sustainable avenue for water treatment, distinct from current adsorption desalination or conventional membrane techniques supplemented with chemical and UV treatments for disinfection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
January 2025
Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany.
The identification of polar and neutral lipid species as biomarkers in complex biological samples is a key task in clinical and life sciences. Electrospray and plasma-based ionization techniques are necessary to cover the full range of lipidomes, owing to their limited molecular polarity ranges. However, combining both to generate hybrid spectra is difficult without averaging spectra, as electrospray and plasma sources operate under vastly different conditions.
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