Selection and domestication of plants with genes that prevent grains from shattering in cereals was essential for human civilization's transition to agriculture-based societies. In this issue, Pourkheirandish et al. show that domestication of barley required evolution of a molecular system distinct from other grains, such as rice and maize, and reveal that present-day cultivars derive from two ancient domestication centers.
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Most Tibetan weedy barleys originated via recombination between Btr1 and Btr2 in domesticated barley.
Plant Commun
May 2024
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA)/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address:
Tibetan weedy barleys reside at the edges of qingke (hulless barley) fields in Tibet (Xizang). The spikes of these weedy barleys contain or lack a brittle rachis, with either two- or six-rowed spikes and either hulled or hulless grains at maturity. Although the brittle rachis trait of Tibetan weedy barleys is similar to that of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF, encoding a cellulose synthase subunit 5, is required for cell wall biosynthesis in barley ( L.).
Front Plant Sci
November 2022
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
The cell wall plays an important role in plant mechanical strength. Cellulose is the major component of plant cell walls and provides the most abundant renewable biomass resource for biofuels on earth. Mutational analysis showed that cellulose synthase () genes are critical in cell wall biosynthesis in cereal crops like rice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGrain Disarticulation in Wild Wheat and Barley.
Plant Cell Physiol
November 2022
Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
Our industrial-scale crop monocultures, which are necessary to provide grain for large-scale food and feed production, are highly vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses. Crop wild relatives have adapted to harsh environmental conditions over millennia; thus, they are an important source of genetic variation and crop diversification. Despite several examples where significant yield increases have been achieved through the introgression of genomic regions from wild relatives, more detailed understanding of the differences between wild and cultivated species for favorable and unfavorable traits is still required to harness these valuable resources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQTL for seed shattering and threshability in intermediate wheatgrass align closely with well-studied orthologs from wheat, barley, and rice.
Plant Genome
November 2021
Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Perennial grain crops have the potential to improve agricultural sustainability but few existing species produce sufficient grain yield to be economically viable. The outcrossing, allohexaploid, and perennial forage species intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpisodes of gene flow and selection during the evolutionary history of domesticated barley.
BMC Genomics
April 2021
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
Background: Barley is one of the founder crops of Neolithic agriculture and is among the most-grown cereals today. The only trait that universally differentiates the cultivated and wild subspecies is 'non-brittleness' of the rachis (the stem of the inflorescence), which facilitates harvesting of the crop. Other phenotypic differences appear to result from facultative or regional selective pressures.
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