Can increased visceral adiposity without body weight changes accelerate carotid atherosclerosis in South Korean participants with type 2 diabetes?

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and visceral obesity are associated with each other and with cardiovascular diseases. We determined whether increased visceral adiposity without weight gain was associated with sex-specific accelerated carotid atherosclerosis in South Koreans with T2DM.

Methods: From 2003 to 2012, we recruited 280 participants with T2DM for the Seoul Metabolic Syndrome cohort who had body weight, visceral fat thickness (VFT), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measured at intervals of 2years. According to VFT change, sex-specific quartiles of clinical characteristics and changes of CIMT were determined. Logistic regression models predicted the odds of the progression of CIMTs in each quartile.

Results: During 2years of observation, VFTs fell by 5.2±13.5mm in men (P<0.001) and 3.4±10.5mm in women (P<0.001). Progression of CIMT was only significant for women's maximal CIMT (0.031±0.145mm, P=0.012), while significant improvements in HbA1c were found (0.9%; P<0.001 in both sexes). There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics, or in progression of CIMT in men or women according to 2-year quartiles of VFT change.

Conclusions: Our results do not suggest that increased visceral adiposity without body weight changes impacts the CIMT progression in South Korean men or women with T2DM.