This paper investigated the effect of risk orientation, game riskiness, and expectation of cooperation on cooperation in one-shot prisoner's dilemmas (PD). Participants in pairs played PD games that varied on game riskiness such that for half of the games cooperation was more risky than defection (more risky games) while for another half cooperation was less risky (less risky games). They estimated how likely it was that the other player was going to cooperate (expectation of cooperation) before they made their cooperation/defection decision on each game. Supporting the Goal/Expectation Hypothesis, we replicated the effect that expectation of cooperation enhanced cooperation. We also found that risk-seeking individuals cooperated more in more risky games whereas risk-averse individuals cooperated more in less risky games. More importantly, we found that game riskiness moderated the effect of expectation of cooperation on cooperation. The positive effect of expectation of cooperation on cooperation was stronger for more risky games than for less risky games. Our results illustrated how the relation between expectation and cooperation as stipulated by the Goal/Expectation Hypothesis was moderated by riskiness of the situations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0911-7 | DOI Listing |
BMC Nephrol
January 2025
Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Background: The impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on healthy life expectancy and healthcare costs requires research. This study examined associations between CKD and healthy life expectancy, and its economic burden.
Methods: This study of community-dwelling adults residing in Hakui City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan used data from the National Health Insurance database between 2012 and 2022.
Nat Food
January 2025
School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Nutritional epidemiology aims to link dietary exposures to chronic disease, but the instruments for evaluating dietary intake are inaccurate. One way to identify unreliable data and the sources of errors is to compare estimated intakes with the total energy expenditure (TEE). In this study, we used the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database to derive a predictive equation for TEE using 6,497 measures of TEE in individuals aged 4 to 96 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2025
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Engineering, 5th Floor, Engineering A, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Electronic address:
In Santiago, Chile, 315,000 liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors are discarded annually. Of this amount, the formal sector of refurbishment and recycling manages only 5 %, creating the conditions for the emergence of informal management systems. This study provides the first comprehensive environmental and circularity assessment of monitor treatment across multiple impact categories, identifying trade-offs associated with formal and informal operations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Internet Res
January 2025
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Background: The escalating global scarcity of skilled health care professionals is a critical concern, further exacerbated by rising stress levels and clinician burnout rates. Artificial intelligence (AI) has surfaced as a potential resource to alleviate these challenges. Nevertheless, it is not taken for granted that AI will inevitably augment human performance, as ill-designed systems may inadvertently impose new burdens on health care workers, and implementation may be challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Signal
January 2025
The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China. Electronic address:
Most osteosarcoma (OS) cases exhibit poor differentiation at the histopathological level. Disruption of the normal osteogenic differentiation process results in the unregulated proliferation of precursor cells, which is a critical factor in the development of OS. Differentiation therapy aims to slow disease progression by restoring the osteogenic differentiation process of OS cells and is considered a new approach to treating OS.
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