Since 2008, the authors have been conducting research into Rn and Ra activity concentrations in shallow circulation groundwaters in southern Poland. Measurements have been performed with a liquid-scintillation method and ultra low-level liquid-scintillation spectrometers α/β Quantulus 1220. The research carried out so far has demonstrated that in the Sudetes groundwaters with high activity concentrations of Rn and Ra are common. In other studied areas in southern Poland no shallow circulation groundwaters with high radon or radium concentrations have been found yet. The conducted research has demonstrated that the activity concentration of Rn dissolved in shallow circulation groundwaters in the Sudetes depends chiefly on the amount of radon, which after being released as gas from reservoir rocks is dissolved in waters flowing through these rocks. At the same time, the concentration of Rn dissolved in some shallow circulation groundwaters in the Carpathians is influenced significantly by the amount of radon produced from the decay of its parent ion Ra dissolved in these waters.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3215-x | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
DHI Water and Environment Inc, Cambridge, Canada.
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NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington DC 20005, USA.
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits a strong asymmetry between warm El Niño and cold La Niña in amplitude and temporal evolution. An El Niño often leads to a heat discharge in the equatorial Pacific conducive to its rapid termination and transition to a La Niña, whereas a La Niña persists and recharges the equatorial Pacific for consecutive years preconditioning development of a subsequent El Niño, as occurred in 2020-2023. Whether the multiyear-long heat recharge increases the likelihood of a transition to a strong El Niño remains unknown.
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Background: Arterial gas embolism (AGE) may occur while breathing compressed air and failing to exhale during ascent to compensate for gas expansion as pressure decreases. Trauma to the lungs from over-pressurization may result in air bubbles entering the pulmonary veins and subsequently the systemic circulation, causing obstructed blood flow and inflammatory cascades. AGEs are known to always manifest within 10 min of surfacing from depth.
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United Laboratory of High-Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
November 2024
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.
The Snowball Earth hypothesis predicts global ice cover; however, previous descriptions of Cryogenian (720-635 Ma) glacial deposits are limited to continental margins and shallow marine basins. The Tavakaiv (Tava) sandstone injectites and ridges in Colorado, USA, preserve a rare terrestrial record of Cryogenian low-latitude glaciation. Injectites, ridges, and chemically weathered crystalline rock display features characteristic of fluidization and pervasive deformation in a subglacial environment due to glacial loading, fluid overpressure, and repeated sand injection during meltwater events.
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