The authors describe their anatomical study upon the use of the total pelvic lymphadenectomy in addition to the classic abdominoperineal amputation following Miles in the treatment of lower rectal cancer. They used a modification of the "cellulectomie pelvienne" de Brunschwig et Huguier applying to the rectum the procedure originally born for the surgery of uterine cancer. They underline the bad results of the conventional surgery in terms of survival and local recurrence due to the incomplete lymphatic resection. In front of the biology of the rectal cancer, which is a neoplasm with prevalent local malignity and high lymphotropism, this technique, which removes almost all the lymphnodes of the pelvis, can really improve the results of this surgery.
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