Testicular calculus is an extremely rare case with unknown etiology and pathogenesis. To our knowledge, here we report the third case of testicular calculus. A 31-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with painful solid mass in left testis. After diagnostic work-up for a possible testicular tumour, he underwent inguinal orchiectomy and histopathologic examination showed a testicular calculus. Case hypothesis: Solid testicular lesions in young adults generally correspond to testicular cancer. Differential diagnosis should be done carefully. Future implications: In young adults with painful and solid testicular mass with hyperechogenic appearance on scrotal ultrasonography, testicular calculus must be kept in mind in differential diagnosis. Further reports on this topic may let us do more clear recommendations about the etiology and treatment of this rare disease.
Scrotoliths, or "scrotal pearls," are calcified fibrous loose bodies found within the tunica vaginalis, often seen during radiological evaluation or autopsies. Chronic inflammation due to trauma, parasitic infestations, and torsion and subsequent detachment of the appendices of the testis or epididymis are postulated mechanisms suggested for their formation. They are benign but can mimic a tumor.
* They identified 22 clinical/diagnostic situations and conducted a rapid scoping review to evaluate existing referral guidelines, resulting in the analysis of 30 different guidelines and the development of 65 recommendation statements.
* The guidelines cover a range of conditions, such as haematuria, hypertension, renal diseases, urinary tract infections, and scrotal masses, providing clear referral recommendations for healthcare providers.
Background: Testicular microlithiasis is the presence of small calcifications in the testicular parenchyma. The association between testicular microlithiasis and germ cell neoplasia in situ, a precursor to testicular cancer, is still unclear.
Objectives: To determine the incidence of germ cell neoplasia in situ in men with testicular microlithiasis and evaluate the indication for testicular biopsy according to risk factors in the form of male infertility/reduced semen quality, testicular atrophy, and history of cryptorchidism.
This text discusses two rare cases of calciphylaxis that showed eye-related issues without typical skin symptoms, aiming to increase awareness of the condition.
The cases include a 76-year-old woman with kidney failure and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), and a 44-year-old man on dialysis with AION and central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).
It emphasizes the importance of recognizing calciphylaxis in kidney patients with eye problems, and suggests a temporal artery biopsy for accurate diagnosis to prevent unnecessary treatments like steroids.
RNA modification is a post-transcriptional level of regulation that is widely distributed in all types of RNAs, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA, where N6-methyladenine (mA) is the most abundant mRNA methylation modification. Significant evidence has depicted that mA modifications are closely related to human diseases, especially cancer, and play pivotal roles in RNA transcription, splicing, stabilization, and translation processes. The most common urological cancers include prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers, accounting for a certain proportion of human cancers, with an ever-increasing incidence and mortality.
