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Cholelithiasis in Infants: Risk Factors, Management, and the Role of Ursodeoxycholic Acid.
Children (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, Izmir 35210, Turkey.
Background: Cholelithiasis is a rare disease in infants, and there is limited data on its risk factors and management.
Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors, management, and response to medical treatment of cholelithiasis in infants.
Methods: Infants diagnosed with cholelithiasis by ultrasound between 2018 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.
Efficacy of pembrolizumab in microsatellite-stable, tumor mutational burden-high metastatic colorectal cancer: genomic signatures and clinical outcomes.
ESMO Open
January 2025
Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Comprehensive Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Electronic address:
Background: Pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), shows significant survival benefits in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but its efficacy in microsatellite-stable (MSS) mCRC is limited. Although ICIs are effective in tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) solid tumors, the impact on MSS-TMB-H mCRC, a rare subset within MSS mCRC, remains unclear.
Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using clinical and genomic data from the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) repository in Japan.
Obesity, insulin resistance, and a host of environmental and genetic factors can drive hyperglycemia, causing β-cells to compensate by increasing insulin production and secretion. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), β-cells under these conditions eventually fail. Rare β-cell diseases like congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) also cause inappropriate insulin secretion, and some HI patients develop diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetics of intracerebral hemorrhage.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
January 2025
McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) represents a life-threatening form of stroke, marked by its impact on survival and quality of life. ICH can be categorized from monogenic disorders linked to causal germline variants in ICH-related genes to complex sporadic cases, highlighting the interaction among lifestyle factors, environmental influences, and genetic components in determining risk. Among sporadic ICH, the influence of these factors varies across ICH subtypes, evidenced by heritability rates of up to 73% for lobar ICH versus 34% for non-lobar ICH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirtual Chest Radiographs Developed From Computed Tomography Images for Differentiating Central Venous Versus Misplaced Arterial Lines and for Training Radiologists.
J Comput Assist Tomogr
November 2024
From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine.
Objective: Radiographic findings to identify central venous catheter misplacement in the arteries, which can cause lethal complications, have not been fully evaluated, and its training is difficult because it is rare. The purpose of this study is to clarify radiographic findings for differentiating central venous and misplaced arterial lines using virtual chest radiographs and elucidate their usefulness in training radiologists.
Methods: This retrospective study included 150 patients (mean age, 67 [SD, ±12] years; 97 men) who underwent colon cancer surgery between January 2018 and December 2020.
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