Cis- and trans-regulation in X inactivation.

Chromosoma

Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Published: March 2016

Female mammalian cells compensate dosage of X-linked gene expression through the inactivation of one of their two X chromosomes. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in eutherians is dependent on the non-coding RNA Xist that is up-regulated from the future inactive X chromosome, coating it and recruiting factors involved in silencing and altering its chromatin state. Xist lies within the X-inactivation center (Xic), a region on the X that is required for XCI, and is regulated in cis by elements on the X chromosome and in trans by diffusible factors. In this review, we summarize the latest results in cis- and trans-regulation of the Xic. We discuss how the organization of the Xic in topologically associating domains is important for XCI (cis-regulation) and how proteins in the pluripotent state and upon development or differentiation of embryonic stem cells control proper inactivation of one X chromosome (trans-regulation).

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4761001PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00412-015-0525-xDOI Listing

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