In this paper, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) signals have been recorded by an optical imaging technique that is based on spatial modulation. A frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) was used to pump a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) target. The frequency tripled (355 nm) beam from the same laser was used to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The Stokes beam (from the OPO) was tuned to 631.27 nm so that the frequency difference between the pump and the Stokes beams fit the Raman active vibrational mode of the PMMA molecule (2956 cm(-1)). The pump beam has been spatially modulated with fringes produced in a Michelson interferometer. The pump and the Stokes beams were overlapped on the target resulting in a gain of the Stokes beam of roughly 2.5% and a corresponding loss of the pump beam through the SRS process. To demodulate the SRS signal, two images of the Stokes beam without and with the pump beam fringes present were recorded. The difference between these two images was calculated and Fourier transformed. Then, the gain of the Stokes beam was separated from the background in the Fourier domain. The results show that spatial modulation of the pump beam is a promising method to separate the weak SRS signal from the background.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.006377 | DOI Listing |
Polarization is a fundamental characteristic of electromagnetic (EM) waves, and accurately determining the polarization state is crucial for spectral imaging and information processing. However, implementing broadband polarization detection in the terahertz (THz) range poses significant challenges when employing conventional optics. This paper proposes and experimentally evaluates a broadband polarization detection strategy using all-dielectric metasurfaces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a powerful label-free imaging technique that probes the vibrational response of chemicals with high specificity and sensitivity. High-power, quantum-enhanced SRS microscopes have been recently demonstrated and applied to polymers and biological samples. Quantum correlations, in the form of squeezed light, enable the microscopes to operate below the shot noise limit, enhancing their performance without increasing the illumination intensity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem B
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad826004, Jharkhand, India.
Three novel core green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogues, based on a doubly locked conformation and variable electronic effects by replacing one hydrogen with bromine, iodine, and methyl, respectively, have been synthesized to modulate the push-pull effect. These chromophores exhibited intramolecular H-bonding, as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray and H NMR studies. The fluorescence quantum yields (ϕ) of all of the chromophores were found to be more than an order of magnitude higher (∼0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet
October 2024
Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, UK.
Background: Locally advanced cervical cancer is treated with chemoradiotherapy (standard of care), but many patients still relapse and die from metastatic disease. We investigated chemoradiotherapy with or without induction chemotherapy to determine whether induction chemotherapy improves both progression-free survival and overall survival.
Methods: The INTERLACE trial was a multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial done at 32 medical centres in Brazil, India, Italy, Mexico, and the UK.
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