The transplantation (implantation) of xenograft heart valves into humans has been carried out for >50 years. There has been considerable research into making this form of xenotransplantation successful, though it is not perfect yet. We review the understanding of the immune response to xenograft heart valves. Important steps in the history include understanding (i) the importance of glutaraldehyde in decreasing the immune response and (ii) the relationship between calcification (which is the main problem leading to xenograft failure) and the immune response. We subsequently discuss the importance of identifying xenoantigens that are important in leading to xenograft valve failure, and the potential of genetically-engineered pigs to allow the development of the 'ideal' heart valve for clinical valve replacement.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.009 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
High implantation of a balloon-expandable valve above the left ventricular outflow calcification improves the prosthetic valve function without increasing complications: a case series.
Eur Heart J Case Rep
January 2025
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
Background: The initial outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with left ventricular outflow tract calcification are poor. Furthermore, balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement is associated with an increased risk of annular rupture, and self-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement is associated with worse post-operative residual paravalvular leakage grades. Therefore, developing an optimal method for transcatheter aortic valve replacement for patients with left ventricular outflow tract calcification is desirable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFetal Cardiac Function and Remodeling in In Vitro Fertilization Pregnancies: A Tertiary Center Experience.
Echocardiography
February 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Health, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Purpose: To investigate fetal cardiac functions and remodeling in pregnancies conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Methods: This prospective case-control study included 40 singleton IVF pregnancies and 46 uncomplicated control pregnancies at 28-36 weeks of gestation. The IVF group consisted of pregnancies applied to the outpatient clinic, excluding those with anatomical or chromosomal abnormalities.
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis in a patient with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: diagnostic challenges and management insights.
BMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Cardiology, East Cheshire NHS Trust, Macclesfield, UK.
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is characterised by sterile vegetations on heart valves and often emerges in hypercoagulable states like malignancy. It is frequently underdiagnosed and only comes to light during postmortem examination. Early diagnosis and treatment with anticoagulation can help lower mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRe-sheathing failure with Navitor during transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case report.
Eur Heart J Case Rep
January 2025
The Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
Background: Self-expanding valves used in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are designed to allow recapture and repositioning, facilitating optimal placement and mitigating conduction disturbances and paravalvular leakage. Here, we present a rare case in which the Navitor (Abbott Structural Heart, Santa Clara, CA, USA) could not be recaptured.
Case Summary: An 81-year-old Japanese woman with very severe aortic stenosis and a massively calcified nodule at the non-coronary cusp (NCC) underwent TAVI with a 25 mm Navitor valve.
Complicated infective endocarditis of the bioprosthetic mitral valve following the transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve procedure: a case report and literature review.
Eur Heart J Case Rep
January 2025
Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
Background: Since the transcatheter valve-in-valve (ViV) procedure was introduced in 2007, a few cases of infective endocarditis (IE) following the ViV procedure have been reported, which can be predisposed by older age, pre-existing medical conditions, and procedural techniques. Paravalvular abscesses constitute a rare complication of IE, resulting from extending IE beyond the valve annulus, less commonly caused by species. This complication is more common in prosthetic valves, particularly bioprosthetic valves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!