Improvement in the Outcome of Invasive Aspergillosis in a Pediatric Hematology Department: A 10-Year Review.

Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is associated with a high mortality rate despite the introduction of new antifungal agents. Several therapeutic strategies have been proposed to improve mortality rates in IA, including combination of drugs.

Methods: Here, we report the outcome of treatments based on a combination of antifungal agents on IA, including voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B, in a pediatric population from 2001 to 2010. Our population included children with diverse hematological diseases or with bone marrow transplantation.

Results: Over a 10-year period, we diagnosed 19 cases (2,8%) of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with an overall survival rate of 58%.

Conclusion: Compared with the previous study conducted from 1986 to 2000, the overall survival rate (bone marrow transplantation excluded) greatly improved (12.5% to 58%), especially for patients treated for acute leukemia.