Background: Testicular germ-cell carcinoma is the most frequent neoplasm in males aged 15 to 35 years old. It is bilateral in 2% to 3%, and synchronous in 20% to 25% of the cases.
Clinical Case: The case is presented of a 19 year-old male, with abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed abdominal mass in the umbilical region, and the computed tomography scan showed a retroperitoneal tumour, with α-fetoprotein, lactate dehydrogenase, and human chorionic gonadotropin above limits. Testicular ultrasound showed bilateral lesions. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, identifying an unresectable retroperitoneal tumour. Biopsies were taken, reporting mixed germ cell tumour composed of choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma. Six cycles of chemotherapy were given, based on bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, with partial tumour response. Later on, the patient underwent bilateral radical orchiectomy, with pathology reporting a synchronous bilateral testicular teratoma. A second line of chemotherapy was given, based on vincristine, etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatinum. Nevertheless, the disease progressed, with metastatic dissemination and the patient died.
Discussion: Germ cells tumours can present in primary extra-gonadal locations. It is difficult to distinguish a retroperitoneum primary germ cell tumour from metastatic disease of a clinically undetected gonadal tumour or one that has regressed, like the situation described in the case presented.
Conclusions: Ninety percent of patients diagnosed with germ cell tumours can be cured. However, delay in diagnosis correlates with an advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.circir.2015.05.035 | DOI Listing |
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
January 2025
Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Zigong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China.
Introduction: The polyspermy rate is a quality control indicator in the embryology laboratory, and factors affecting polyspermy are of great interest. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol is currently the mainstream protocol in most reproductive centers. This study explored the factors influencing polyspermy in fertilization (IVF) using the GnRH antagonist protocol and considered corresponding improvement measures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntrinsically disordered arginine-glycine (RG) repeat domains are enriched in multilayered biomolecular condensates such as the nucleolus. nucleolar RG repeats are dispensable for nucleolar accumulation and instead contribute to the organization of sub-nucleolar compartments. The sufficiency of RG repeats to facilitate sub-nucleolar compartmentalization is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and other naïve pluripotent stem cells can reverse typical developmental trajectories and, at low frequency, de-differentiate into 2-cell-like cells (2CLCs) that resemble the mammalian embryo during zygotic genome activation (ZGA). This affords the opportunity to reveal molecular principles that govern the pre-implantation stages of mammalian development. We leveraged a multipurpose allele for acute protein depletion and efficient immunoprecipitation to dissect the molecular functions of the chromatin repressor EHMT2, a candidate antagonist of the mESC-to-2CLC transition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Dev Biol
December 2024
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organs Development and Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Biological Invasion and Biosecurity, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China.
Reproductive system diseases have become a major health challenge facing humans, so extensive investigations are needed to understand their complex pathogenesis and summarize effective treatments. In the study of reproductive diseases, mice are the most commonly used animal model. However, the cost and time required to establish mouse animal models are high.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHinyokika Kiyo
December 2024
The Department of Urology, Kurashiki Central Hospital.
The patient was a 21-year-old man with a shadow on a chest roentgenogram taken during a medical checkup. According to blood testing, thoracoabdominal computed tomography, head magnetic resonance imaging, and lung tumor biopsy, we diagnosed a primary retroperitoneal germ cell tumor with multiple lung and brain metastases. Induction chemotherapy (4 courses of Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin) was started immediately.
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