Introduction: Many patients experience side effects during treatment with antipsychotics. This article reviews the clinical use and psychometric characteristics of rating scales used to assess side effects in patients treated with antipsychotics.
Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Embase, with predefined search terms.
Results: In total, 52 different scales were used in the 440 articles retrieved. For multiple side effects measured with one scale, the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side Effects Rating Scale for Clinicians was used the most, whereas the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale had the best psychometric characteristics (Cronbach's α 0.81 and test-retest reliability 0.89). The Simpson Angus Scale was used the most to rate extrapyramidal side effects, although the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center scale had the best characteristics (Cronbach's α 0.80, test-retest reliability 0.92 and inter-rater reliability 0.81-0.90). The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale was used the most to assess sexual dysfunction, but the Antipsychotics and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire and the Nagoya Sexual Functioning Questionnaire had the best characteristics.
Conclusion: This review will help researchers and clinicians make a purpose-oriented choice of which scale to use.
Systematic Review Registration Number: CRD42014013010.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881115593893 | DOI Listing |
Drugs Aging
January 2025
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by organ enlargement and dysfunction. The formation of tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) in affected organs is crucial for understanding IgG4-RD, as T follicular helper (Tfh) 2 cells within TLTs drive IgG4+B cell differentiation, contributing to mass formation. Key cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, produced by Tfh2 cells, are essential for this process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuromodulation
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Objectives: Past studies have shown the efficacy of spinal targeted drug delivery (TDD) in pain relief, reduction in opioid use, and cost-effectiveness in long-term management of complex chronic pain. We conducted a survey to determine treatment variables associated with patient satisfaction.
Materials And Methods: Patients in a single pain clinic who were implanted with Medtronic pain pumps to relieve intractable pain were identified from our electronic health record.
Crit Rev Anal Chem
January 2025
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Epilepsy is a serious neurological disease that impacts all facets of a patient's life, including their socioeconomic situation. The failure to identify underlying epileptic signatures in their early stages might result in severe harm to the central nervous system (CNS) and permanent adverse changes to some organs. Therefore, numerous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs are frequently used to control and treat the frequency of seizures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Sports Med
January 2025
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Background: Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are small-molecule compounds that exert agonist and antagonist effects on androgen receptors in a tissue-specific fashion. Because of their performance-enhancing implications, SARMs are increasingly abused by athletes. To date, SARMs have no Food and Drug Administration approved use, and recent case reports associate the use of SARMs with deleterious effects such as drug-induced liver injury, myocarditis, and tendon rupture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Ocular surface chemical injuries often result in permanent visual impairment and necessitate complex, long-term treatments. Immediate and extensive irrigation serves as the first-line intervention, followed by various therapeutic protocols applied throughout different stages of the condition. To optimize outcomes, conventional regimens increasingly incorporate biological agents and surgical techniques.
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