Urgent Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Testing in Emergency Medicine: A Useful Tool?

Background: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has recently been introduced among the tests available to the Emergency Department (ED) of our hospital.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of TSH-level-dependent thyroid dysfunction and to assess the usefulness of urgent TSH testing in a series of emergency patients.

Methods: We planned a single-center observational cross-sectional clinical study. We divided patients in groups according to their thyroid status using defined TSH decision levels. Previously diagnosed history of thyroid dysfunction and newly diagnosed thyroid dysfunctions were differentiated. Further, we analyzed the subset of emergency patients affected by atrial fibrillation (AF) due to the role of hyperthyroidism in AF pathogenesis. For each TSH request, we made a retrospective chart review to assess the usefulness of the test based on clinical efficacy and management efficiency indicators.

Results: The present study showed that, although the overall thyroid dysfunction rate was higher than in the general population, only a few newly diagnosed thyroid dysfunctions were found with limited clinical utility. We categorized urgent TSH requests as useful and not useful, by retrospective evaluation, and we identified and compared the main TSH testing clinical indications in the two groups.

Conclusion: We found a positive impact of urgent TSH determination in emergency decision-making. Nevertheless, a stronger clinical impact could be achieved by improving request appropriateness and by targeting TSH testing to some clinical indications identified by the study. The work was considered a quality-improvement project by the Hospital Committee for Quality Management.