A metaphase spindle is a complex structure consisting of microtubules and a myriad of different proteins that modulate microtubule dynamics together with chromatin and kinetochores. A decade ago, a full description of spindle formation and function seemed a lofty goal. Here, we describe how work in the last 10 years combining cataloging of spindle components, the characterization of their biochemical activities using single-molecule techniques, and theory have advanced our knowledge. Taken together, these advances suggest that a full understanding of spindle assembly and function may soon be possible.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4484974PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a015784DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

metaphase spindle
8
spindle
5
emergent properties
4
properties metaphase
4
spindle metaphase
4
spindle complex
4
complex structure
4
structure consisting
4
consisting microtubules
4
microtubules myriad
4

Similar Publications

Microtubule-severing enzymes play essential roles in regulating diverse cellular processes, including mitosis and cytokinesis, by modulating microtubule dynamics. In the early branching protozoan parasite , microtubule-severing enzymes are involved in cytokinesis and flagellum length control during different life cycle stages, but none of them have been found to regulate mitosis in any life cycle form. Here, we report the biochemical and functional characterization of the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin in the procyclic form of .

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

PARL regulates porcine oocyte meiotic maturation by mediating mitochondrial activity.

Theriogenology

January 2025

Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • PARL is a rhomboid membrane protein essential for mitochondrial function and plays a significant role in oocyte maturation, though its specific effects are not well understood.
  • Inhibiting PARL expression resulted in reduced polar body extrusion and abnormal embryo development, along with negative impacts on mitochondrial activity and increased oxidative stress in porcine oocytes.
  • PARL deficiency also altered the expression of key genes related to mitochondrial function and DNA integrity, emphasizing its critical role in the maturation process of oocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

We analysed here the dynamic of the kinesin-like Pavarotti (Pav) during male gametogenesis of wild-type and Sas4 mutant flies. Pav localizes to the equatorial region and the inner central spindle of late anaphase wild-type spermatogonia and displays a strong concentration at the midbody during late telophase. At metaphase of the first meiotic division, Pav shows widespread localization on the equatorial region of the spermatocytes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

CENP-E haploinsufficiency causes chromosome misalignment and spindle assembly checkpoint activation in the spermatogonia.

Andrology

December 2024

Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

Background: The establishment of kinetochore-microtubule attachment is essential for error-free chromosome alignment and segregation during cell division. Defects in chromosome alignment result in chromosome instability, birth defects, and infertility. Kinesin-7 CENP-E mediates kinetochore-microtubule capture, chromosome alignment, and spindle assembly checkpoint in somatic cells, however, mechanisms of CENP-E in germ cells remain poorly understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A Microtubule-Associated Protein Functions in Preventing Oocytes from Evading the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint.

Adv Sci (Weinh)

December 2024

Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317, China.

Aneuploidy eggs are a common cause of human infertility, spontaneous abortion, or trisomy syndromes. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) plays a crucial role in preventing aneuploidy in oocytes, yet it is unclear if additional mechanisms exist to ensure oocyte adherence to this checkpoint. It is now revealed that the microtubule-associated protein NUSAP can prevent oocytes from evading the SAC and regulate the speed of the cell cycle.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!