Insulin secretion is tightly controlled through coordinated actions of a number of systemic and local factors. Peptide YY (PYY) is expressed in α-cells of the islet, but its role in control of islet function such as insulin release is not clear. In this study, we generated a transgenic mouse model (Pyy(tg/+)/Rip-Cre) overexpressing the Pyy gene under the control of the rat insulin 2 gene promoter and assessed the impact of islet-released PYY on β-cell function, insulin release, and glucose homeostasis in mice. Our results show that up-regulation of PYY in islet β-cells leads to an increase in serum insulin levels as well as improved glucose tolerance. Interestingly, PYY-overproducing mice show increased lean mass and reduced fat mass with no significant changes in food intake or body weight. Energy expenditure is also increased accompanied by increased respiratory exchange ratio. Mechanistically, the enhanced insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance are primarily due to increased β-cell mass and secretion. This is associated with alterations in the expression of genes important for β-cell proliferation and function as well as the maintenance of the β-cell phenotype. Taken together, these data demonstrate that pancreatic islet-derived PYY plays an important role in controlling glucose homeostasis through the modulation of β-cell mass and function.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1168 | DOI Listing |
Gynecol Endocrinol
December 2025
Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), São Paulo, Santo André, Brazil.
Background: There is no strong evidence demonstrating whether or not aerobic exercise in conjunction with resistance exercise improves metabolic diabetes markers in postmenopausal women.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise and resistance training on metabolic markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods: The searches were completed using EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases.
Nutrients
January 2025
Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Background/objectives: Despite the abundant body of evidence linking high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to cardiometabolic markers, little is known about how HIIT affects liver enzymes, particularly in obese adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related biomarkers in overweight/obese adolescent girls.
Methods: Thirty-three overweight/obese adolescent girls (age, 17.
Nutrients
December 2024
Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
Objectives: Given the considerable discrepancy in the literature regarding dietary protein and glucose homeostasis, we examined the prospective association between protein intake (total, animal, plant) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). We also examined whether these associations differed by sex, body weight, or other risk factors.
Methods: We included 1423 subjects, aged ≥ 30 years, in the Framingham Offspring Study cohort.
Nutrients
December 2024
Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, 26500 Rio Achaia, Greece.
Background/objectives: Lavender has been utilized for its medicinal properties since ancient times, with numerous health benefits reported. This study aimed to valorize solid waste from lavender essential oil production by developing a novel lavender extract from solid lavender residues. The extract's preclinical safety and efficacy were evaluated with emphasis on plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, glucose tolerance, and adipose tissue metabolic activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
Background: Long-term fasting demonstrates greater therapeutic potential and broader application prospects in extreme environments than intermittent fasting.
Method: This pilot study of 10-day complete fasting (CF), with a small sample size of 13 volunteers, aimed to investigate the time-series impacts on gut microbiome, serum metabolome, and their interrelationships with biochemical indices.
Results: The results show CF significantly affected gut microbiota diversity, composition, and interspecies interactions, characterized by an expansion of the Proteobacteria phylum (about six-fold) and a decrease in Bacteroidetes (about 50%) and Firmicutes (about 34%) populations.
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