Background: The aim of this study was to determine minimal apical enlargement for irrigant penetration into apical third of root canal system using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Materials And Methods: Distobuccal canals of 40 freshly extracted human maxillary first molar teeth were instrumented using crown-down technique. The teeth were divided into four test groups according to size of their master apical file (MAF) (#20, #25, #30, #35 0.06% taper), and two control groups. After final irrigation, removal of debris and smear layer from the apical third of root canals was determined under a SEM. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: Smear layer removal in apical third for MAF size #30 was comparable with that of the control group (size #40).
Conclusion: Minimal apical enlargement for penetration of irrigants to the apical third of root canal system is #30 size.
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