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Viral conjunctivitis caused by adenovirus is the most common infectious conjunctivitis. Adenoviruses are highly contagious pathogens. The modes of transmission are mainly through hand to eye contact, ocular secretions, respiratory droplets, and contact with ophthalmic care providers and their medical instruments. The most frequent manifestation of ocular adenoviral infection is epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, followed by pharyngoconjunctival fever. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is also the most severe form and presents with watery discharge, hyperemia, cheosis, and ipsilateral lymphadenopathy. Pharyngoconjunctival fever is characterized by abrupt onset of high fever, pharyngitis, bilateral conjunctivitis, and periauricular lymph node enlargement. Isolated follicular conjunctivitis without corneal or systemic involvement also occurs. The rate of clinical accuracy in diagnosing viral conjunctivitis is less than 50%. Rapid diagnostic tests now being used decrease unnecessary antibiotic use. Treatment for viral conjunctivitis is mostly supportive. The majority of cases are self-limited, and no treatment is necessary in uncomplicated cases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.04.001 | DOI Listing |
Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne)
February 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
Purpose: Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and timing of ocular surface manifestations in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, providing insights into the occurrence of eye involvement before, during, or after the illness. This study contributes to understanding the extent of ocular involvement in COVID-19, which has been suggested to occur due to potential viral entry through the eyes.
Methods: 451 confirmed COVID-19 patients had a history of hospitalization in Styria, Austria.
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther
March 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Corticosteroid use as an anti-inflammatory agent in infective conjunctivitis has been met with concerns about prolonged infection. This systematic review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of corticosteroids as a treatment for infective conjunctivitis. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, and ProQuest for clinical trials of topical corticosteroids with or without combination with other medications in bacterial or viral conjunctivitis up to November 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Case Rep
February 2025
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Background: Cytomegalovirus is a pathogen known to aggravate the inflammatory response in autoimmune diseases via molecular mimicry. Although it is recognized that cytomegalovirus activation can happen during extended but variable periods of immunosuppression (14-90 days), it is rarely reported in conjunction with an acute flare-up of an autoimmune disease. Currently, there is no consensus on cytomegalovirus prophylaxis for patients initiating remission induction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicine (Baltimore)
December 2024
Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Background: The 2017 TFOS DEWS II report provided an overview of the epidemiology of dry eye disease (DED) and identified several potential risk factors. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on these potential risk factors.
Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to include observational studies.
Front Public Health
February 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
Background: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) has become a significant public health issue in Zhejiang province. However, the analysis of epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal patterns of AHC in Zhejiang province has not been studied yet.
Methods: Monthly cases of AHC from 2004 to 2023 reported at the county level in Zhejiang province were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.
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