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Overview of basic design recommendations for user-centered explanation interfaces for AI-based clinical decision support systems: A scoping review.
Digit Health
January 2025
Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Objective: The application of artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) in the healthcare domain is still limited. End-users' difficulty understanding how the outputs of opaque black AI models are generated contributes to this. It is still unknown which explanations are best presented to end users and how to design the interfaces they are presented in (explanation user interface, XUI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynopsis of the 2023 US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Bipolar Disorder.
J Clin Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC.
The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DOD) Work Group revised the 2013 VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the Management of Bipolar Disorder (BD). This paper reviews the 2023 CPG and its development process, including how recommendations were made for evidence-based treatment in BD. Subject experts and key stakeholders developed 20 key questions and reviewed the published literature after a systematic search using the PICOTS (population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, timing of outcomes measurement, and setting) method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF"It's a breech, and what now?": A decision-aid tool to help clinicians counsel women with breech presentation near term.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
February 2025
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
- Management options for breech presentation include vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, and external cephalic version, which require detailed discussions about risks and recovery.
- A decision aid tool for clinicians was created through literature review and expert input, followed by evaluation with obstetricians.
- This tool received unanimous agreement from participants, demonstrating strong consensus and effectiveness in aiding shared decision-making for pregnant women with breech presentations.
Advances in chalcone-based anticancer therapy: mechanisms, preclinical advances, and future perspectives.
Expert Opin Drug Discov
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
Article Synopsis
- - Cancer is a major global health issue, with traditional treatments like chemotherapy becoming less effective due to multidrug resistance (MDR), driving the need for new therapies such as chalcone-based compounds that can target multiple cancer pathways.
- - The review examines recent studies (2018-2024) on chalcones, covering their anti-cancer effects, target identification, mechanisms of action, binding modes, and their progress in preclinical trials.
- - Chalcones show great promise in anticancer therapy by effectively targeting several cellular pathways, potentially overcoming drug resistance and paving the way for more effective cancer treatments through ongoing research and optimization.
Management of opioid use disorder: 2024 update to the national clinical practice guideline.
CMAJ
November 2024
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience (Yakovenko, Belliveau, Fraleigh, Stewart); Department of Psychiatry (Yakovenko, Stewart), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Mukaneza, Germé), Montréal, Que.; Department of Medicine (Bach, Wood), University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (Bach, Wood), Vancouver, BC; Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care (Poulin); Department of Psychiatry (Poulin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Addictions Divisions (Selby), Centre for Addition and Mental Health; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Selby, Rehm), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine (Goyer, Bruneau), Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche et d'aide pour narcomanes (Goyer), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-del'Île-de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Division of General Internal Medicine (Brothers), Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Addiction Medicine Consult Service, Mental Health & Addictions Program (Brothers), Nova Scotia Health; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Rehm), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychology (Hodgins), University of Calgary; Department of Psychology (Hodgins), Alberta Gambling Research Institute, Calgary, Alta.; Drug addiction service (Bruneau), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.
Article Synopsis
- - The 2024 update of the 2018 National Guideline for Clinical Management of Opioid Use Disorder emphasizes the need for current scientific evidence to inform treatment practices for opioid use disorder in Canada.
- - A comprehensive review from 2017 to 2023 was conducted to revise the guidelines, involving a national committee including those with personal experience in opioid use disorder, and ensuring quality through established methods.
- - Key changes in the recommendations include recognizing methadone and buprenorphine as equally effective first-line treatments, introducing slow-release oral morphine as a second-line option, and highlighting that psychosocial interventions should be optional rather than mandatory.
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