Botulism is a potentially fatal paralytic disease caused by the action of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) on nerve cells. There are 7 known serotypes (A-G) of BoNT and up to 40 genetic variants. Clostridium botulinum strain IBCA10-7060 was recently reported to produce BoNT serotype B (BoNT/B) and a novel BoNT, designated as BoNT/H. The BoNT gene (bont) sequence of BoNT/H was compared to known bont sequences. Genetic analysis suggested that BoNT/H has a hybrid-like structure containing regions of similarity to the structures of BoNT/A1 and BoNT/F5. This novel BoNT was serologically characterized by the mouse neutralization assay and a neuronal cell-based assay. The toxic effects of this hybrid-like BoNT were completely eliminated by existing serotype A antitoxins, including those contained in multivalent therapeutic antitoxin products that are the mainstay of human botulism treatment.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4704661 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv327 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Are We Missing Something About the Maximum Dosing of Botulinum Toxin Type A1 in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Spasticity?
Toxins (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Botulinum toxin type A1 is a first-line treatment for adult and pediatric spasticity. However, when considering the quantity of 150 kDa neurotoxin protein in relation to patient weight and the maximum recommended dose for treating adult and pediatric patients with spasticity, several concerns arise. First, the therapeutic margin (the ratio of the actual maximum quantity of toxin recommended for treating adult spasticity to its median lethal dose) appears to be relevant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStable Convergent Polyneuronal Innervation and Altered Synapse Elimination in Muscles from Patients with Blepharospasm Responding Poorly to Recurrent Botulinum Type-A Neurotoxin Injections.
Toxins (Basel)
November 2024
Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France.
Botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT/A), which blocks quantal acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), has demonstrated its efficacy in the symptomatic treatment of blepharospasm. In 3.89% of patients treated for blepharospasm at Tenon Hospital, BoNT/A was no longer effective in relieving the patient's symptoms, and a partial upper myectomy of the muscle was performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnostic Nerve Block to Guide Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection for Clonus in Spastic Equinovarus Foot: A Retrospective Study.
Toxins (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy.
Clonus is characterized by involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory muscle contractions, typically triggered by rapid muscle stretching and is frequently associated with spastic equinovarus foot (SEVF), where it may increase risk of falls and cause discomfort, pain, and sleep disorders. We hypothesize that selective diagnostic nerve block (DNB) of the tibial nerve motor branches can help identify which muscle is primarily responsible for clonus in patients with SEVF and provide useful information for botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment. This retrospective study explored which calf muscles contributed to clonus in 91 patients with SEFV after stroke (n = 31), multiple sclerosis (n = 21), and cerebral palsy (n = 39), using selective DNB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnatomical etiology of bunny lines based on cadaveric dissection and ultrasonographic evaluation.
Clin Anat
December 2024
Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.
Bunny lines are vertical and diagonal wrinkles attributed to contractions of the nasalis muscle. Common management involves botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections into wrinkles immediately below the nasal bridge. Here, we investigated the anatomical structures underneath bunny lines and their relationships with adjacent muscular structures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBotulinum toxin modulates the blink reflex via the trigeminal afferent system in hemifacial spasm: an early and late-term effect.
Neurol Sci
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: There is growing evidence that botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) can mediate changes at the central level through peripheral mechanisms, leading to alterations in central sensorimotor integration. However, the effect of BoNT on brainstem excitability in patients with hemifacial spasm(HFS) is not yet fully understood, and its long-term effects remain unknown.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of BoNT on the excitability of the facial nucleus in patients with idiopathic HFS.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!