We present results obtained by using nonlinear irreversible models for heat devices. In particular, we focus on the global performance characteristics, the maximum efficiency and the efficiency at maximum power regimes for heat engines, and the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) and the COP at maximum cooling power regimes for refrigerators. We analyze the key role played by the interplay between irreversibilities coming from heat leaks and internal dissipations. We also discuss the relationship between these results and those obtained by different models.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.91.052140 | DOI Listing |
Small
March 2025
College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, P. R. China.
Hydrogel-based solar interfacial evaporators, featuring various channels such as random, unidirectional, and radial array, are considered effective for seawater desalination owing to their porous structure, lower evaporation enthalpy, and controllable water transport capacity. However, each individual array structure has its own strengths and limitations, influencing water transportation, thermal management, and salt rejection. By combining the benefits of each array configuration into a single evaporator, the evaporation performance can be maximized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
March 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Electromagnetic materials with adjustable dielectric and magnetic properties are constantly sought after in electronic and industrial fields. In this study, an innovative strategy that customizes anchored Co-based nanoparticles to optimize the electronic behaviors is proposed for the first time, enabling a controllable and high-efficiency evolution of the macroscopic electromagnetic response of Co-based (C/CoT) nanoplates across the X-ray, light in the solar band and gigahertz band. Specifically, in the gigahertz band, the C/Co and C/CoSe nanoplates with high-power loss capabilities can effectively attenuate and convert electromagnetic energy into heat energy, which not only prevents space electromagnetic radiation but also powers energy for various electromagnetic devices such as thermoelectric generators and microwave actuators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Med Case Rep J
March 2025
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, caused by melanized fungi. In cases with extensive cutaneous lesions, heat therapy can be used as an adjuvant to systemic antifungal therapy. This case report aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of heat therapy using an electric heating pad as an adjuvant to itraconazole in the treatment of extensive chromoblastomycosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMRS Energy Sustain
December 2024
Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS UK.
Abstract: Heating and cooling combined constitute the world's largest form of end-use energy and the largest source of carbon emissions. It is therefore interesting to explore heat pumps based on caloric materials, which offer promising and environmentally friendly alternatives to gas combustion and vapor compression. The possibility of replacing these traditional methods of heating and cooling motivates the current research on caloric materials and devices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
March 2025
School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Low-income families in dry regions, including in the Southwestern United States, frequently cool their homes with evaporative ("swamp") coolers (ECs). While inexpensive and energy efficient compared to central air conditioners, ECs pull unfiltered outdoor air into the home, creating a health hazard to occupants when wildfire smoke and heat events coincide. A community-engaged research project to reduce wildfire smoke in homes was conducted in California's San Joaquin Valley in homes of Spanish-speaking agricultural workers.
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