Oxidized l-glutathione was esterified to the tetra methyl ester using thionyl chloride in methanol solvent. Other alcohols were tested and the reaction progress was monitored via ESI-MS. This procedure proved to be compatible with other small peptides not containing serine and cysteine residues. In contrast to previously reported methods this procedure provided convenient access to esterified peptides requiring no purification, extended reaction times, or complicated reaction setups.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6272753 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules200610487 | DOI Listing |
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a significant global health threat, especially when it involves the central nervous system (CNS). Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), a severe manifestation of TB, is linked to high mortality rates and long-term neurological complications, further exacerbated by drug resistance and immune evasion mechanisms employed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Although pulmonary TB remains the primary focus of research, MDR-TBM introduces unique challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceutics
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
With the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cancer cells can avoid cell death and damage by up-regulating antioxidant programs. Therefore, it will be more effective to induce cell death by using targeted strategies to further improve ROS levels and drugs that inhibit antioxidant programs. Considering that dihydroartemisinin (DHA) can cause oxidative damage to protein, DNA, or lipids by producing excessive ROS, while, disulfiram (DSF) can inhibit glutathione (GSH) levels and achieve the therapeutic effect by inhibiting antioxidant system and amplifying oxidative stress, they were co-loaded onto the copper peroxide nanoparticles (CuO) coated with copper tannic acid (Cu-TA), to build a drug delivery system of CuO@Cu-TA@DSF/DHA nanoparticles (CCTDD NPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxics
December 2024
Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Triptolide (TP) is a diterpenoid compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It has antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects and stimulates immunity. However, its serious side effects, especially reproductive toxicity, limit its clinical application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxics
November 2024
College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Bisphenol A (BPA), extensively utilized in the manufacture of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, is prevalent in the environment. Its exposure has been associated with an increased risk of hepatic lesions; however, the underlying mechanisms and the spectrum of its effects remain poorly understood. This study investigates the role of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in regulating BPA-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo using a rat model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxics
November 2024
Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, UFOP, Ouro Preto 35402-136, MG, Brazil.
Paracetamol (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury, leading to acute liver failure. However, the role of concurrent acute or chronic ethanol ingestion in this context requires further clarification. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic ethanol ingestion on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!