AI Article Synopsis

  • * This study analyzed the immune responses of untreated HIV-1-positive mothers to identify factors that could reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of the virus.
  • * Findings showed that specific maternal IgG responses to the HIV-1 envelope's V3 region and neutralizing antibodies against certain HIV-1 strains were linked to lower rates of transmission, suggesting that enhancing these immune responses could help prevent MTCT.

Article Abstract

Despite the wide availability of antiretroviral drugs, more than 250,000 infants are vertically infected with HIV-1 annually, emphasizing the need for additional interventions to eliminate pediatric HIV-1 infections. Here, we aimed to define humoral immune correlates of risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1, including responses associated with protection in the RV144 vaccine trial. Eighty-three untreated, HIV-1-transmitting mothers and 165 propensity score-matched nontransmitting mothers were selected from the Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS) of US nonbreastfeeding, HIV-1-infected mothers. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the magnitude of the maternal IgG responses specific for the third variable loop (V3) of the HIV-1 envelope was predictive of a reduced risk of MTCT. Neutralizing Ab responses against easy-to-neutralize (tier 1) HIV-1 strains also predicted a reduced risk of peripartum transmission in secondary analyses. Moreover, recombinant maternal V3-specific IgG mAbs mediated neutralization of autologous HIV-1 isolates. Thus, common V3-specific Ab responses in maternal plasma predicted a reduced risk of MTCT and mediated autologous virus neutralization, suggesting that boosting these maternal Ab responses may further reduce HIV-1 MTCT.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4613557PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI81593DOI Listing

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