Evidence is now emerging that early life environment can have lifelong effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary function in offspring, a concept also known as fetal or developmental programming. In mammals, developmental programming is thought to occur mainly via epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of non-coding RNAs. The effects of developmental programming can be induced by the intrauterine environment, leading to intergenerational epigenetic effects from one generation to the next. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance may be considered when developmental programming is transmitted across generations that were not exposed to the initial environment which triggered the change. So far, inter- and transgenerational programming has been mainly described for cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. In this review, we discuss available evidence that epigenetic inheritance also occurs in respiratory diseases, using asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as examples. While multiple epidemiological as well as animal studies demonstrate effects of 'toxic' intrauterine exposure on various asthma-related phenotypes in the offspring, only few studies link epigenetic marks to the observed phenotypes. As epigenetic marks may distinguish individuals most at risk of later disease at early age, it will enable early intervention strategies to reduce such risks. To achieve this goal further, well designed experimental and human studies are needed.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4456695 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13148-015-0085-1 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
[Further raising prevention and treatment for amblyopia in China].
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi
January 2025
Tianjin Eye Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin300020, China.
Amblyopia is a common eye disease that seriously affects children's eye health. The Chinese Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus has carried out a lot of work for the prevention and treatment of amblyopia, but there are still many problems that need to be paid attention to and solved in the amblyopia screening and clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we discuss three aspects of the amblyopia prevention and treatment, including the timing of prevention and treatment according to visual developmental patterns, the standardized treatment of amblyopia, overdiagnosis and commercialization, and the establishment of an efficient amblyopia screening system, for providing guidance for the standardization of clinical practice and improving the level of amblyopia prevention and treatment in China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGliomagenesis mimics an injury response orchestrated by neural crest-like cells.
Nature
January 2025
Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Glioblastoma is an incurable brain malignancy. By the time of clinical diagnosis, these tumours exhibit a degree of genetic and cellular heterogeneity that provides few clues to the mechanisms that initiate and drive gliomagenesis. Here, to explore the early steps in gliomagenesis, we utilized conditional gene deletion and lineage tracing in tumour mouse models, coupled with serial magnetic resonance imaging, to initiate and then closely track tumour formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConcordance Between Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Among Children and Pregnant Persons in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 1999-2020.
J Nutr
December 2024
International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control (IMMPaCt) Program, Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Hemoglobin and hematocrit are common tests to identify anemia, but their results can differ significantly, particularly in children and pregnant individuals.
- The study analyzed data from 7,052 children and 1,437 pregnant persons, revealing that anemia estimates based on hemoglobin and hematocrit varied, with a notable percentage detected by only one test.
- The findings suggest that using these biomarkers interchangeably could lead to underdiagnosis and lack of treatment for anemia, emphasizing the need for accurate assessments in clinical practice.
A spatially resolved multi-omic single-cell atlas of soybean development.
Cell
December 2024
Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. Electronic address:
Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) precisely control spatiotemporal gene expression in cells. Using a spatially resolved single-cell atlas of gene expression with chromatin accessibility across ten soybean tissues, we identified 103 distinct cell types and 303,199 accessible chromatin regions (ACRs). Nearly 40% of the ACRs showed cell-type-specific patterns and were enriched for transcription factor (TF) motifs defining diverse cell identities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFG6PC2 controls glucagon secretion by defining the set point for glucose in pancreatic α cells.
Sci Transl Med
January 2025
Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Elevated glucagon concentrations have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A critical role for α cell-intrinsic mechanisms in regulating glucagon secretion was previously established through genetic manipulation of the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase (GCK) in mice. Genetic variation at the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 () locus, encoding an enzyme that opposes GCK, has been reproducibly associated with fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!