Multilevel explanations abound in psychiatry. However, formulating useful such explanations is difficult or (some argue) impossible. I point to several ways in which Lane et al. successfully use multilevel explanations to advance understanding of psychotherapeutic effectiveness. I argue that the usefulness of an explanation depends largely on one's purpose, and conclude that this point has been inadequately recognised in psychiatry.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X14000284 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
We aimed to develop and evaluate Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for fetal ultrasound using actionable concepts as feedback to end-users, using a prospective cross-center, multi-level approach. We developed, implemented, and tested a deep-learning model for fetal growth scans using both retrospective and prospective data. We used a modified Progressive Concept Bottleneck Model with pre-established clinical concepts as explanations (feedback on image optimization and presence of anatomical landmarks) as well as segmentations (outlining anatomical landmarks).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCogn Neurodyn
December 2025
National Engineering Research Center of Educational Big Data, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei China.
Identifying the cognitive state can help educators understand the evolving thought processes of learners, and it is important in promoting the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Cognitive neuroscience research identifies cognitive states by designing experimental tasks and recording electroencephalography (EEG) signals during task performance. However, most of the previous studies primarily concentrated on extracting features from individual channels in single-type tasks, ignoring the interconnection across channels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Despite growing utilization of family planning in Ethiopia, many pregnancies in rural areas are still unintended and unintended pregnancy remains a major global challenge in public and reproductive health, with devastating impact on women and child health, and the general public. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of unintended pregnancy in rural women of Ethiopia. This study used a 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Interpers Violence
January 2025
Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Weapon carrying and brandishing among youth is a serious public health issue. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control's Youth Risk Behavior Survey suggests that as many as 1 in 15 male and 1 in 50 female students have carried a gun for nonrecreational purposes within the past 12 months. When examining weapon carrying more broadly, approximately one in eight adolescents report this behavior in the past 30 days alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiosystems
December 2024
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Department of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia. Electronic address:
This article presents a refinement of theoretical explanations of the main stages of linguistic and cognitive evolution in anthropogenesis. The concepts of language, consciousness, self-consciousness, the self, the unconscious, the subconscious, and the relation between free will and determinism remain at the center of active and complex debates in philosophy and neuroscience. A basic theoretical apparatus comprising the central concepts of "concern" and "providing structure" (an extension of the biological concept of "adaptation") develops the paradigm of the extended evolutionary synthesis.
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