AI Article Synopsis
- Males show a significantly higher density of Iba1 immunoreactive cells near the wound site after cortical injury compared to females, possibly due to more nonreactive cell forms.
- Male microglia/macrophages also express higher levels of neuroprotective markers like arginase-1 and Neuroglobin in response to the injury.
- Though astrocyte numbers were similar in both sexes, males had a higher percentage of astrocytes expressing CCL2, and they also had more neurons near the injury site, indicating distinct male and female neuroinflammatory responses.
Article Abstract
Several brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation show sex differences in their incidence, onset, progression and/or outcome. The different regulation of the neuroinflammatory response in males and females could underlie these sex differences. In this study, we have explored whether reactive gliosis after a penetrating cortical injury exhibits sex differences. Males presented a higher density of Iba1 immunoreactive cells in the proximity of the wound (0-220 μm) than females. This sex difference was due to a higher number of Iba1 immunoreactive cells with nonreactive morphology. In addition microglia/macrophages in that region expressed arginase-1, marker of alternatively activated microglia, and the neuroprotective protein Neuroglobin, in a greater proportion in males than in females. No sex differences were found in the number of astrocytes around the lesion. However, the percentage of astrocytes expressing chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), involved in recruitment of immune cells and gliosis regulation, was higher in males. Males also presented a significantly higher density of neurons in the lesion edge than females. These findings indicate that male and female mice have different neuroinflammatory responses after a cortical stab wound injury and suggest that sex differences in reactive gliosis may contribute to sex differences in neuroinflammatory diseases. GLIA 2015;63:1966-1981.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.22867 | DOI Listing |
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