Fighting human error : what surgeons can learn from aviators.

Background: The rigorous implementation of safety policies have made air travel one of the safest modes of transport. Health institutions and hospital managing bodies increasingly adopt cues from aviation safety protocols and policies in an attempt to reduce medical errors and patient harm. Among hospital staff, surgeons are most likely to be confronted with these aviation-derived safety concepts.

Methods: This article aims to familiarize surgeons with the concepts and methodology of safety policies in modern aviation safety, many of which have been applied in the setting of surgery, or have potential to do so. We review the use of checklists, crew resource management, the sterile cockpit, blame free reporting and human fatigue. We discuss how these concepts can be translated to the operating room and illustrate their relevance through a comparative description of historical air accidents and surgical incidents from our own clinical experience. We also indicate relevant differences and similarities between flight crews and surgical teams and their respective infrastructures, as these may impede or facilitate the adoption of aviation safety policies. Finally, we offer some recommendations to effectively implement aviation safety policies in the operating room.