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Time-Dependent Material Properties and Composition of the Nonhuman Primate Uterine Layers Through Gestation.
bioRxiv
November 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the importance of the uterus and its biomechanical properties in supporting healthy pregnancies, identifying how alterations can lead to complications.
- Researchers analyzed the nonhuman primate (NHP) uterus at different stages of pregnancy to understand its micro-mechanical properties and composition.
- Key findings showed distinct stiffness and hydration levels in the endometrium-decidua layer, with NHP uterine properties closely resembling human data, affirming NHPs as useful models for human uterine biomechanical studies.
Gestational and early postnatal protein malnutrition disrupts neurodevelopment in rhesus macaques.
Cereb Cortex
November 2024
Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, United States.
Article Synopsis
- Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is essential for fetal brain development, and low protein intake can lead to neurological issues in offspring, which is a major global health concern.
- A study using rhesus macaques showed that reduced maternal protein levels led to structural brain abnormalities and decreased gray matter volume, particularly in areas important for motor control.
- Although significant brain changes were observed through MRI, early behavioral tests at 1 month showed only minor effects, suggesting that the impacts of protein reduction may not immediately translate to behavior.
Vitamin C supplementation improves placental function and alters placental gene expression in smokers.
Sci Rep
October 2024
Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * In a study with 55 pregnant smokers, vitamin C improved umbilical blood flow compared to a placebo, bringing levels closer to those of nonsmokers.
- * RNA-sequencing results indicated that vitamin C altered gene expression related to vascular and cardiac development, hinting at its potential benefits for baby health in situations of prenatal nicotine exposure.
Sex-specific decline in prefrontal cortex mitochondrial bioenergetics in aging baboons correlates with walking speed.
bioRxiv
September 2024
Department of Molecular Medicine and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Mitochondria are essential for brain health, influencing energy production, inflammation, and hormone synthesis, and their dysfunction is connected to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
- Research on aging baboons revealed a decline in the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes in the prefrontal cortex, mainly tied to alterations in individual complex functions rather than overall mitochondrial numbers.
- Female baboons maintained mitochondrial function better with age compared to males, who exhibited significant ETC activity loss and had correlations between walking speed and respiration linked to higher ETC complexes, pointing to possible reasons behind sex differences in brain resilience as they age.
FcRn-enhancing mutations lead to increased and prolonged levels of the HIV CCR5-blocking monoclonal antibody leronlimab in the fetuses and newborns of pregnant rhesus macaques.
MAbs
September 2024
Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource (NHPRR), Department of Medicine - Innate Immunity, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Prenatal administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a strategy that could be exploited to prevent viral infections during pregnancy and early life. To reach protective levels in fetuses, mAbs must be transported across the placenta, a selective barrier that actively and specifically promotes the transfer of antibodies (Abs) into the fetus through the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). Because FcRn also regulates Ab half-life, Fc mutations like the M428L/N434S, commonly known as LS mutations, and others have been developed to enhance binding affinity to FcRn and improve drug pharmacokinetics.
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