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Negative urgency is a facet of impulsivity that reflects mood-based rash action and is associated with various maladaptive behaviors in humans. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of negative urgency are not fully understood. Several brain regions within the mesocorticolimbic pathway, as well as the neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), have been implicated in impulsivity. Extracellular DA and 5-HT concentrations are regulated by DA transporters (DAT) and 5-HT transporters (SERT); thus, these transporters may be important molecular mechanisms underlying individual differences in negative urgency. The current study employed a reward omission task to model negative urgency in rats. During reward trials, a cue light signaled the non-contingent delivery of one sucrose pellet; immediately following the non-contingent reward, rats responded on a lever to earn sucrose pellets (operant phase). Omission trials were similar to reward trials, except that non-contingent sucrose was omitted following the cue light prior to the operant phase. As expected, contingent responding was higher following omission of expected reward than following delivery of expected reward, thus reflecting negative urgency. Upon completion of behavioral training, Vmax and Km were obtained from kinetic analysis of [(3)H]DA and [(3)H]5-HT uptake using synaptosomes prepared from nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (Str), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) isolated from individual rats. Vmax for DAT in NAc and for SERT in OFC were positively correlated with negative urgency scores. The current findings suggest that mood-based impulsivity (negative urgency) is associated with enhanced DAT function in NAc and SERT function in OFC.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.023 | DOI Listing |
Addict Behav
December 2024
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia. Electronic address:
Background: Relationships between gambling motives and problem gambling have been identified in previous research. There is, however, evidence of moderate-to-high heterogeneity in these associations, suggesting that further research is required to elucidate which gamblers are more susceptible to the influence of different types of motives. This study aims to (1) explore the relationship between gambling motives (Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial coping, enhancement, social, financial) and problem gambling (Problem Gambling Severity Index); and (2) investigate the degree to which psychological variables implicated by the pathways model (positive reinforcement high-risk situations, negative reinforcement high-risk situations, psychological distress, emotional dysregulation, distress intolerance and impulsivity) moderate these relationships.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Educ
December 2024
Research Group 'Research & Innovation in Public Health Practice Based Learning' (RIPPLE), Netherlands School of Public and Occupational Health, 10th Floor, Churchilllaan 11, Utrecht, GV, 3527, The Netherlands.
Introduction: Postgraduate medical education (PGME) relies on structured training rotations and workplace-based learning (WBL) to provide comprehensive clinical training and professional development. Emphasizing WBL, PGME integrates theoretical knowledge with practical skills through direct patient care involvement, underscoring the pivotal role of training institutes in supporting these initiatives. While curricular changes in PGME have been extensively studied in clinical teaching hospitals, PGME programs in public health (PGME-PH) remain underexplored, yet their multidisciplinary nature post-COVID-19 underscores the urgency for effective curricular reforms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the United States, Black autistic youth face elevated risk of negative outcomes during police interactions. Although the outcomes of these interactions are well-documented, less is known about Black autistic youths' experiences during police encounters, as the current literature has largely examined the experiences of autistic adults, mostly White American samples, and/or autistic youth abroad. This study utilizes qualitative methods to examine the perceptions and concerns of 43 Black caregivers (N = 43; 98% parents; 2% legal guardians; 93% mothers) of Black autistic children (mean age: 16.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes fatigue, pain and faecal urgency/incontinence symptoms. Identifying symptom profile subgroups and related psychological correlates might enable earlier intervention and more effective tailored treatment pathways.
Methods: This study was nested within a randomised controlled trial of a digital symptom intervention for people with IBD (n=780).
Pollination is a crucial ecosystem service, yet pollinator species diversity is declining as a result of factors such as climate change, habitat loss and agricultural intensification. While previous studies have often examined the extreme scenario of complete pollinator removal, showing negative impacts on plant reproductive success, we take a more realistic approach by focusing on the effects of decreasing pollinator diversity. Our global meta-analysis reveals a notable negative impact of reduced pollinator species diversity on plant reproductive success measures, such as seed set, fruit set and fruit weight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!