Building cells from their component parts will hinge upon our ability to reconstitute biochemical compartmentalization and exchange between membrane-delimited organelles. By contrast with our understanding of other cellular events, the mechanisms that govern membrane trafficking has lagged because the presence of phospholipid bilayers complicates the use of standard methods. This chapter describes in vitro methods for purifying, reconstituting, and visualizing membrane remodeling activities directly by electron cryomicroscopy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.02.007 | DOI Listing |
EMBO J
January 2025
Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
The ESCRT machinery mediates membrane remodeling in numerous processes in cells including cell division and nuclear membrane reformation. The identification of ESCRT homologs in Asgard archaea, currently considered the closest prokaryotic relative of eukaryotes, implies a role for ESCRTs in the membrane remodeling processes that occurred during eukaryogenesis. Yet, the function of these distant ESCRT homologs is mostly unresolved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEMBO J
January 2025
Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
Biogenesis of membrane-bound organelles involves the synthesis, remodeling, and degradation of their constituent phospholipids. How these pathways regulate organelle size remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that a lipid-degradation pathway inhibits expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell
December 2024
Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Animals have evolved pH-sensing membrane receptors, such as G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), to monitor pH changes related to their physiology and generate adaptive reactions. However, the evolutionary trajectory and structural mechanism of proton sensing by GPR4 remain unresolved. Here, we observed a positive correlation between the optimal pH of GPR4 activity and the blood pH range across different species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Background: APOEε4 significantly increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitively healthy APOEε4-carriers exist, suggesting potential protective mechanisms against APOEε4. We hypothesized that some APOEε4-carriers may have genetic variations protecting them from developing APOEε4-mediated AD pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Background: In the last decade, we have demonstrated that the brain-enriched E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM9 regulates cytoskeletal dynamics, membrane remodeling, and netrin-dependent signaling pathways in all stages of neuron development, including the maturation of dendritic spines and electrophysiological activity. Moreover, TRIM9 protein levels increase in the adult brain and are maintained throughout adulthood. In the adult mouse TRIM9 is enriched within the postsynaptic density (PSD), a proteinaceous rich region in the post synapse, containing neurotransmitter receptors, scaffolding proteins, and cytoskeletal elements.
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