A third of African Americans with sporadic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) do not carry APOL1 renal risk genotypes. This raises the possibility that other APOL1 variants may contribute to kidney disease. To address this question, we sequenced all APOL1 exons in 1437 Americans of African and European descent, including 464 patients with biopsy-proven FSGS/HIVAN. Testing for association with 33 common and rare variants with FSGS/HIVAN revealed no association independent of strong recessive G1 and G2 effects. Seeking additional variants that might have been under selection by pathogens and could represent candidates for kidney disease risk, we also sequenced an additional 1112 individuals representing 53 global populations. Except for G1 and G2, none of the 7 common codon-altering variants showed evidence of selection or could restore lysis against trypanosomes causing human African trypanosomiasis. Thus, only APOL1 G1 and G2 confer renal risk, and other common and rare APOL1 missense variants, including the archaic G3 haplotype, do not contribute to sporadic FSGS and HIVAN in the US population. Hence, in most potential clinical or screening applications, our study suggests that sequencing APOL1 exons is unlikely to bring additional information compared to genotyping only APOL1 G1 and G2 risk alleles.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2015.151 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Pediatr
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Importance: Gestational exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk of adverse fetal kidney outcomes. However, details regarding timing, specific NSAIDs, and long-term childhood kidney outcomes are limited.
Objective: To evaluate the association between gestational exposure to NSAIDs and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood.
World J Urol
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Background: Traditional grading systems have proven inadequate in stratifying chRCC patients based on recurrence risk. Recently, several novel grading schemes, including three-tiered, two-tiered, and four-tiered systems, have been proposed, but their prognostic value remains controversial and lacks external validation.
Materials And Methods: We included 528 patients with pathologically proven chRCC (chromophobe renal cell carcinoma) from multiple medical institutions and the Cancer Genome Atlas-Kidney Chromophobe cohort.
Eur Radiol
December 2024
Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Objectives: To investigate the associations between gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration and the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric patients, and to determine the risks associated with AKI.
Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on pediatric patients who underwent contrast-enhanced or unenhanced MRI between January 1st, 2015, and June 30th, 2021. Examinations were included if they had data on height and serum creatinine levels within 3 months before and 2 days after the examinations.
World J Urol
December 2024
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China.
Objective: To develop a three-dimensional (3D) image based extended tumor plane technique for robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).
Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with a local renal tumor for RAPN between March 2019 and Mar 2022. 3D virtual model was reconstructed based on the computed tomography urography.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
Purpose: Cisplatin (CDDP) induces acute kidney injury (AKI) as a side effect during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Urinary vanin-1 excretion may increase during CDDP treatment. We investigated whether urinary vanin-1 is an early biomarker for CDDP-induced AKI.
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