Blast trauma can kill or injure by multiple different mechanisms, not all of which may be obvious on initial presentation. Patients injured by blast effects should be treated as having multisystem trauma and managed according to Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines. For the most severely injured patients, damage control resuscitation should be practiced until definitive hemorrhage control has been achieved. Patients with blast injuries may present in mass-casualty episodes that can overwhelm local resources. This article reviews some specific injuries, as well as the importance of mild traumatic brain injury. The importance of rehabilitation is discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnc.2015.02.007 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Kanagawa, Japan.
Bacterial endospores are ubiquitous and are responsible for various human infections. Recently, we reported that an ionic liquid (IL)-based sample preparation method (named pTRUST) facilitated highly efficient shotgun analysis of the Bacillus subtilis spore proteome in trace samples. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency and applicability of the pTRUST technology using three different spore preparations: one purified from the closely related subspecies B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive fungal diseases in rice, resulting in major economic losses worldwide. Genetic and genomic studies have identified key genes and proteins, such as AvrPik variants and MAX proteins, that are crucial for the pathogen's virulence. These effector proteins interact with specific alleles of the Pik gene family on rice chromosome 11, modulating the host's immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomimetics (Basel)
December 2024
Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction or limb ischemia are characterized by regression of blood vessels. Local delivery of growth factors (GFs) involved in angiogenesis such as fibroblast blast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) has been shown to trigger collateral neovasculature and might lead to a therapeutic strategy. In vivo, heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide present in abundance in the extracellular matrix (ECM), has been shown to function as a local reservoir for FGF-2 by binding FGF-2 and other morphogens and it plays a role in the evolution of GF gradients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrehosp Disaster Med
January 2025
Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WashingtonUSA.
Background: Humanitarian mine action (HMA) stakeholders have an organized presence with well-resourced medical capability in many conflict and post-conflict settings. Humanitarian mine action has the potential to positively augment local trauma care capacity for civilian casualties of explosive ordnance (EO) and explosive weapons (EWs). Yet at present, few strategies exist for coordinated engagement between HMA and the health sector to support emergency care system strengthening to improve outcomes among EO/EW casualties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurobiol Pain
December 2024
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of Biomedical Engineering, 325 Stranger St., Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States.
Chronic headaches and pain are prevalent in those who are exposure to blast events, yet there is a gap in fundamental data that identifies the pathological mechanism for the chronification of pain. Blast-related post-traumatic headaches (PTH) are understudied and chronic pain behaviors in preclinical models can be vital to help elucidate PTH mechanisms. The descending pain modulatory system controls pain perception and involves specific brain regions such as the cortex, thalamus, pons, and medulla.
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