The atomic-scale spin structure of individual isolated Skyrmions in an ultrathin film is investigated in real space by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. Their axial symmetry as well as their unique rotational sense is revealed by using both out-of-plane and in-plane sensitive tips. The size and shape of Skyrmions change as a function of the magnetic field. An analytical expression for the description of Skyrmions is proposed and applied to connect the experimental data to the original theoretical model describing chiral Skyrmions. Thereby, the relevant material parameters responsible for Skyrmion formation can be obtained.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.177203 | DOI Listing |
Assay Drug Dev Technol
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutics, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
J Food Sci Technol
February 2025
Department of Food Process Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu 603203 India.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonarch butterflies in North America migrate south each autumn, but the mechanisms that initiate their migratory flight remain incompletely understood. We investigated environmental, developmental, and genetic factors that contribute to directional flight by testing summer and autumn-generation monarchs in three flight simulators: two at ground level (with and without wind blockage) and a novel balloon-based system that raised butterflies 30 meters into the air. Monarchs reared under autumn-like conditions in a growth chamber during the summer were also tested to explore the influence of developmental cues.
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