Can mechanistic explanation be reconciled with scale-free constitution and dynamics?

Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci

Department of Philosophy, Center for Circadian Biology, and Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, United States. Electronic address:

Published: October 2015

This paper considers two objections to explanations that appeal to mechanisms to explain biological phenomena. Marom argues that the time-scale on which many phenomena occur is scale-free. There is also reason to suspect that the network of interacting entities is scale-free. The result is that mechanisms do not have well-delineated boundaries in nature. I argue that bounded mechanisms should be viewed as entities scientists posit in advancing scientific hypotheses. In positing such entities, scientists idealize. Such idealizations can be highly productive in developing and improving scientific explanations even if the hypothesized mechanisms never precisely correspond to bounded entities in nature. Mechanistic explanations can be reconciled with scale-free constitution and dynamics even if mechanisms as bounded entities don't exist.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.03.006DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

reconciled scale-free
8
scale-free constitution
8
entities scientists
8
bounded entities
8
mechanisms
5
entities
5
mechanistic explanation
4
explanation reconciled
4
scale-free
4
constitution dynamics?
4

Similar Publications

Excitation-Inhibition Balance, Neural Criticality, and Activities in Neuronal Circuits.

Neuroscientist

January 2024

Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.

Neural activities in local circuits exhibit complex and multilevel dynamic features. Individual neurons spike irregularly, which is believed to originate from receiving balanced amounts of excitatory and inhibitory inputs, known as the . The spatial-temporal cascades of clustered neuronal spikes occur in variable sizes and durations, manifested as neural avalanches with scale-free features.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cellular measurement is a crucial faculty in living systems, and exaptations are acknowledged as a significant source of evolutionary innovation. However, the possibility that the origin of biological order is predicated on an exaptation of the measurement of information from the abiotic realm has not been previously explored. To support this hypothesis, the existence of a universal holographic relational information space-time matrix is proposed as a scale-free unification of abiotic and biotic information systems.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Time-resolved correlation of distributed brain activity tracks E-I balance and accounts for diverse scale-free phenomena.

Cell Rep

April 2023

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Systems neuroscience often examines brain activity patterns that don't conform to typical sizes, durations, or frequencies, leading to various competing theories about this "scale-free" activity.
  • The authors propose a way to connect estimates of excitation-inhibition (E-I) balance to time-resolved patterns of brain activity across different species and methods.
  • They introduce a new, unbiased sampling technique to analyze this activity and demonstrate that understanding E-I balance can explain scale-free phenomena without needing to ascribe them additional significance, paving the way for clearer future research directions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Speed fluctuations of individual birds in natural flocks are moderate, due to the aerodynamic and biomechanical constraints of flight. Yet the spatial correlations of such fluctuations are scale-free, namely they have a range as wide as the entire group, a property linked to the capacity of the system to collectively respond to external perturbations. Scale-free correlations and moderate fluctuations set conflicting constraints on the mechanism controlling the speed of each agent, as the factors boosting correlation amplify fluctuations, and vice versa.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Nonperiodic stimulation for the treatment of refractory epilepsy: Applications, mechanisms, and novel insights.

Epilepsy Behav

August 2021

Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.

Electrical stimulation of the central nervous system is a promising alternative for the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Successful clinical and experimental stimulation is most usually carried out as continuous trains of current or voltage pulses fired at rates of 100 Hz or above, since lower frequencies yield controversial results. On the other hand, stimulation frequency should be as low as possible, in order to maximize implant safety and battery efficiency.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!