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The rise of weekly insulins: addressing the challenges of type 2 diabetes care in Brazil.
Diabetol Metab Syndr
January 2025
Serviço de Endocrinologia (SEMPR) do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a global health concern with a rising prevalence, particularly in Brazil. Insulin therapy plays a crucial role in managing T2D, helping to maintain glucose and energy homeostasis. Moreover, early initiation of insulin is crucial for hyperglycemic control and prevention of chronic complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent Concepts in Fluid Resuscitation and Vasopressor Use in Cirrhosis.
Semin Liver Dis
January 2025
Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.
Critically ill patients with cirrhosis and liver failure not uncommonly have hypotension due to multifactorial reasons, that include hyperdynamic state with increased cardiac index, low systemic vascular resistance due to portal hypertension, following the use of beta blocker or diuretic therapy, and severe sepsis. These changes are mediated by microvascular alterations in the liver, systemic inflammation, activation of renin angiotensin aldosterone system, and vasodilatation due to endothelial dysfunction. Hemodynamic assessment includes measuring inferior vena cava indices, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), in addition to arterial waveform analysis, or pulmonary artery pressures, and lactate clearance to guide fluid resuscitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis article provides an overview of treatment approaches for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). IgAN is the most common primary glomerulonephritis and results from an autoimmune reaction to aberrantly glycosylated immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. Although historically considered largely benign, it is now recognized that a significant percentage of patients develop dialysis-dependent kidney disease over the years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA first-in-human clinical study of an allogenic iPSC-derived corneal endothelial cell substitute transplantation for bullous keratopathy.
Cell Rep Med
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center, Fujita Health University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-0041, Japan. Electronic address:
A first-in-human investigator-initiated clinical study of a corneal endothelial cell substitute (CLS001) derived from a clinical-grade induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line shows improvement of visual acuity and corneal stromal edema, with no adverse events for up to 1 year after surgery for the treatment of bullous keratopathy. While preclinical tests, including multiple whole-genome analysis and tumorigenicity tests adhering to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) draft guidelines, are negative, an additional whole-genome analysis conducted on transplanted CLS001 cells reveals a de novo in-frame deletion of exon22 in the EP300 gene. No adverse events related to the mutation are observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe importance of targeted next-generation sequencing based genomic profiling in the diagnosis of childhood acute myeloid leukemia: a single center experience.
Turk J Pediatr
December 2024
Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Background: The management of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is based on the prognostic risk classification of initial leukemia. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a reliable method used to identify recurrently mutated genes of pediatric AML and associated prognosis.
Methods: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the prognostic, and therapeutic utility of a targeted NGS panel covering twenty-five genes, in 21 children with de novo and 8 with relapsed or secondary AML.
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