Objective: To evaluate different magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences in integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/MR concerning their ability to detect tumors and allocate increased radionuclide uptake on (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET in intraindividual comparison with computed tomography (CT) from PET/CT.
Material And Methods: Sixty-one patients (34 female, 27 male, mean age 57.6 y) who were examined with contrast-enhanced PET/CT and subsequent PET/MR (mean delay for PET/MR after injection: 147 ± 43 min) were included. A maximum of ten (18)F-FDG-avid lesions per patient were analyzed on CT from PET/CT and with the following MR sequences from PET/MR: T2, turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM), non-enhanced T1, contrast-enhanced T1, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). All lesions were rated using a four-point ordinal scale (scored from 0 to 3) concerning visual detectability of the lesion against the surrounding background and anatomical allocation of the PET finding. In each category (detectability and allocation), Wilcoxon rank sum tests were performed. Bonferroni-Holm correction was performed to prevent α-error accumulation.
Results: In 225 (18)F-FDG-avid lesions (156 confirmed as malignant by radiological follow up, 69 by histopathology), visual detectability was comparably high on CT (mean: 2.5 ± 0.9), TIRM (mean: 2.5 ± 0.9), T2 (mean: 2.4 ± 0.9), and DWI (mean: 2.5 ± 1.0) and was significantly higher than on non-enhanced T1 (mean: 2.2 ± 1.0). While anatomic allocation of the PET finding was comparable with CT (mean: 2.6 ± 0.7), T2 (mean: 2.6 ± 0.7), and TIRM (mean: 2.8 ± 0.7), it was significantly higher compared to DWI (mean: 2.1 ± 1.0) and non-enhanced T1 (mean: 2.4 ± 0.8).
Conclusion: In conclusion, T2, TIRM, and contrast-enhanced T1 provide a high quality of lesion detectability and anatomical allocation of FDG-avid foci. Their performance is at least comparable to contrast-enhanced PET/CT. Non-enhanced T1 may be omitted and the necessity of DWI should be further investigated for specific questions, such as assessment of the liver.
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