Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. They occur especially on the cellular surfaces of neuronal cells, where they form a complex pattern, but are also found in many other cell types. The paper provides a general overview on their structures, occurrence, and metabolism. Key functional, biochemical, and pathobiochemical aspects are summarized.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/506160 | DOI Listing |
Int J Mol Sci
November 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University, Matsumoto 1200, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communication in various biological events. In particular, EVs released from cancer cells have attracted special attention. Although it has been reported that cancer-associated glycosphingolipids play important roles in the enhancement of malignant properties of cancer cells, the presence, behavior, and roles of glycosphingolipids in EVs have not been elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Mol Neurosci
November 2024
Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
This paper explores the physiological consequences of decreased expression of GD3 synthase (GD3S), a biosynthetic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of b-series gangliosides. GD3S is a key factor in tumorigenesis, with overexpression enhancing tumor growth, proliferation, and metastasis in various cancers. Hence, inhibiting GD3S activity has potential therapeutic effects due to its role in malignancy-associated pathways across different cancer types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurobiol Dis
December 2024
Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address:
Sandhoff disease, a lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by pathogenic variants in the HEXB gene, resulting in the loss of β-hexosaminidase activity and accumulation of sphingolipids including GM2 ganglioside. This accumulation occurs primarily in neurons, and leads to progressive neurodegeneration through a largely unknown process. Lysosomal storage diseases often exhibit dysfunctional mTOR signaling, a pathway crucial for proper neuronal development and function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pharm
December 2024
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt. Electronic address:
Cell Death Differ
November 2024
Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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