A generalized transmission line method (TLM) that provides reflection and transmission calculations for a multilayer dielectric structure with coherent, partial coherent, and incoherent layers is presented. The method is deployed on two different application fields. The first application of the method concerns the thickness measurement of the individual layers of an organic light-emitting diode. By using a fitting approach between experimental spectral reflectance measurements and the corresponding TLM calculations, it is shown that the thickness of the films can be estimated. The second application of the TLM concerns the calculation of the external quantum efficiency of an organic photovoltaic with partially coherent rough interfaces between the layers. Numerical results regarding the short circuit photocurrent for different layer thicknesses and rough interfaces are provided and the performance impact of the rough interface is discussed in detail.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.001492 | DOI Listing |
J Infect Public Health
January 2025
Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address:
Background: Several studies have examined the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in Australia and globally. However, to our knowledge none have sufficiently explored their impact on other infectious diseases with robust time series model. In this study, we aimed to use Bayesian Structural Time Series model (BSTS) to systematically assess the impact of NPIs on 64 National Notifiable Infectious Diseases (NNIDs) by conducting a comprehensive and comparative analysis across eight disease categories within each Australian state and territory, as well as nationally.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Genet Psychol
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.
Despite extensive research on the intergenerational transmission of values, the continuity of parenting practices and underlying cognitive processes of transmission have received relatively little attention. We explored the mediating role of introjected and identified internalization on the intergenerational continuity of four parenting practices related to religion (assurance, disapproval/punishment, social involvement, and encouraged skepticism). We focused on Catholicism as an important test case based on its distinctive components amongst other Christian denominations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNiger Med J
January 2025
Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Background: Attitudes and beliefs regarding HIV among adolescents and young adults (AYA) may influence practices that increase the risk of HIV transmission. The study aimed to determine the attitudes and beliefs regarding HIV among senior secondary students and their sexual practices.
Methodology: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study that involved 1,200 adolescents and young adults (AYA) aged 14-24 years in senior secondary schools in Abakaliki.
Niger Med J
January 2025
Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Cholera remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, with recurrent outbreaks exacerbated by inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure, as well as conflict and displacement. This review examines cholera outbreaks in Nigeria from 2010 to 2024, analyzing epidemiological trends, contributing factors, and public health responses. Seasonal peaks during periods of heavy rainfall and flooding have consistently facilitated transmission, with Northern regions disproportionately affected due to poor infrastructure and ongoing conflicts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Recently, cobalt-based oxides have received considerable attention as an alternative to expensive and scarce iridium for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic conditions. Although the reported materials demonstrate promising durability, they are not entirely intact, calling for fundamental research efforts to understand the processes governing the degradation of such catalysts. To this end, this work studies the dissolution mechanism of a model CoO porous catalyst under different electrochemical conditions using online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (online ICP-MS), identical location scanning transmission electron microscopy (IL-STEM), and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS).
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