For many pulverized fuels, especially coal and biomass, char combustion is the time determining step. Based on intensified ICCD cameras, a novel setup has been developed to study pulverized fuel combustion, mainly in a laminar flow reactor. For char burning characterization, the typical measurement parameters are particle temperature, size, and velocity. The working principle of the camera setup is introduced and its capabilities are discussed by examination of coal particle combustion under CO(2)-enriched, so-called oxy-fuel atmospheres with varying O(2) content.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.001097 | DOI Listing |
Waste Manag
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Molten salt thermal treatment of solid waste is a promising way for energy recovery and pollutant removal. However, the migration of nitrogen during pyrolysis of waste tires poses a challenge for cleaner production. This study investigated nitrogen conversion pathways during waste tires pyrolysis using a binary NaOH-NaCO salt at 425, 500, and 575 °C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
A multiple-site filter-sampling observation study was conducted in a coastal industrial city (Rizhao, 35°10'59″N, 119°23'57″E) to understand the main components, formation mechanisms, and potential sources of particulate matter. The average (±σ) mass concentration of PM across all the sites was 42 (±27) μg/m, with high variability (6-202 μg/m). Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were the major contributors (54%-60%) to PM with mean values for sulfate (13 μg/m), nitrate (6 μg/m), and ammonium (7 μg/m) (SNA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioresour Bioprocess
December 2024
Production Systems Unit, Grasslands and Sustainable Agriculture Group, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Maaninka, FI-71750, Finland.
Thermal processes are emerging as promising solutions to recovering phosphorus and other nutrient elements from anaerobic digestates. The feasibility of nutrient element recovery depends largely on the fates of nutrient elements and heavy metals during thermal processing. This study assesses the partitioning of macronutrients (N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg) and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Mn) between condensed and gaseous phases during thermal conversion of cattle slurry digestates in gas atmospheres of pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
December 2024
USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA. Electronic address:
Improving flame retardancy and mechanical strength of lignin-containing polyurethane is a great challenge. In this study, lignin with favorable reactivity and dispersity was extracted from poplar using acid hydrotrope p-TsOH in EtOH. The extracted acid hydrotrope lignin (AHL) was subsequently functionalized with nitrogen and phosphorus (FHL) and reacted with isocyanate to fabricate a fire-retardant polyurethane (FHL-PU).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
January 2025
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Black carbon or elemental carbon (EC) in the atmosphere plays an ambiguous role in acute respiratory toxic effects. Here, we evaluate the contribution of EC to the short-term toxicity (including cytotoxicity and oxidative stress potency) of fine particulate matter (PM) on the human respiratory tract using in vitro airway organoids and cell lines. The toxic potency of EC per unit mass, including char and soot, is more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are coemitted from incomplete combustion.
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