AI Article Synopsis
- Advances in tendon engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are limited by the lack of signals to guide tendon development and markers to evaluate tenogenic differentiation.
- The study involved testing murine MSCs and tendon progenitor cells (TPCs) under various treatments, including tensile loading and growth factors, to observe changes in their proliferation and expression of tendon-related markers.
- Results indicated that MSCs could respond to tenogenic cues similarly to TPCs, particularly with transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2), suggesting MSCs may have potential in tendon regeneration, warranting further investigation into their mechanisms.
Article Abstract
Introduction: Advances in tendon engineering with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are hindered by a need for cues to direct tenogenesis, and markers to assess tenogenic state. We examined the effects of factors involved in embryonic tendon development on adult MSCs, and compared MSC responses to that of embryonic tendon progenitor cells (TPCs), a model system of tenogenically differentiating cells.
Methods: Murine MSCs and TPCs subjected to cyclic tensile loading, transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2), and fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF4) in vitro were assessed for proliferation and mRNA levels of scleraxis, TGFβ2, tenomodulin, collagen type I and elastin.
Results: Before treatment, scleraxis and elastin levels in MSCs were lower than in TPCs, while other tendon markers expressed at similar levels in MSCs as TPCs. TGFβ2 alone and combined with loading were tenogenic based on increased scleraxis levels in both MSCs and TPCs. Loading alone had minimal effect. FGF4 downregulated tendon marker levels in MSCs but not in TPCs. Select tendon markers were not consistently upregulated with scleraxis, demonstrating the importance of characterizing a profile of markers.
Conclusions: Similar responses as TPCs to specific treatments suggest MSCs have tenogenic potential. Potentially shared mechanisms of cell function between MSCs and TPCs should be investigated in longer term studies.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425922 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13287-015-0043-z | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Advances in tendon engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are limited by the lack of signals to guide tendon development and markers to evaluate tenogenic differentiation.
- The study involved testing murine MSCs and tendon progenitor cells (TPCs) under various treatments, including tensile loading and growth factors, to observe changes in their proliferation and expression of tendon-related markers.
- Results indicated that MSCs could respond to tenogenic cues similarly to TPCs, particularly with transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2), suggesting MSCs may have potential in tendon regeneration, warranting further investigation into their mechanisms.
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