Actual consumption of toxic elements in the body of an adult human in the Republic of Tatarstan (during the period of the study of the production in 2008-2012) amounts for lead: 0.68 mg/week for cadmium: 0.18 mg/day, arsenic: 0.68 mg/day, mercury: 0.21 mg/week (per 1 kg body weight) or respectively: 22.81%, 18.0%, 13.69%, 4.27% of the allowable levels of the chemical load. We have performed calculations with account of the balance of food resources per capita per year in the Republic of Tatarstan. This analysis showed that the main dietary sources of income for cadmium there are milk and dairy products (48.32%), bakery products (16.07%), meat and meat products (13.22%); for lead there are bakely products (26.85%), potatoes (24.36%), milk and dairy products (23.94%), meat and meat products (7.55%); for mercury there are milk and dairy products (53.72%), meat and meat products (16.82%), potatoes (10.92%); fish and fish products (4.74%); for arsenic there are milk and dairy products (72.51%), meat and meat products (12.8%), bakery products (3.05% ,); fish and fish products (2.23%). It is important to know not only what products are the most contaminated, but what place in the structure of the nutrition they take.
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Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
January 2025
Shandong Provincial Innovation Center for Dairy Technology, Zibo, P.R. China.
The dairy industry is progressively integrating advanced enzyme technologies to optimize processing efficiency and elevate product quality. Among these technologies, enzyme immobilization has emerged as a pivotal innovation, offering considerable benefits in terms of enzyme reusability, stability, and overall process sustainability. This review paper explores the latest improvements in enzyme immobilization techniques and their industrial applications within milk processing.
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Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dairy Science and Technology Institute, Kyodo Milk Industry Co. Ltd, 20-1 Hirai, Hinode-Machi, Nishitama-Gun, Tokyo, 190-0182, Japan.
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