Long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis: the U.K. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Registry.

Objectives: The U.K. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Registry reported 30-day and 1-year mortality rates of 7.1% and 21.4%, respectively, for patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the United Kingdom between 2007 and 2009. The study aim was to report long-term outcomes in this same cohort of patients.

Background: There are few data on outcomes beyond 3 years after TAVR in any notable number of patients.

Methods: Data from all TAVR procedures performed in the United Kingdom between January 2007 and December 2009 were prospectively collected. All-cause mortality status was reported in March 2014. Mortality tracking was achieved in 97.7% patients.

Results: The minimal time from replacement to census was 4.1 years, and the maximal time was 7.0 years. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 61.2% and 45.5%, respectively. Independent predictors of 3-year mortality were renal dysfunction (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.65), atrial fibrillation (HR: 1.36), logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) ≥18.5 (HR: 1.33), respiratory dysfunction (HR: 1.28), and ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <30%) (HR: 1.53). Coronary artery disease (HR: 1.28) and age (HR: 1.03) were additional independent predictors of mortality at 5 years. Stroke within 30 days of TAVR was the only independent procedural predictor of mortality at 3 and 5 years (HR: 2.17 at 3 years). Device type, access route, and paravalvular leak did not independently predict long-term outcome.

Conclusions: In the large U.K. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Registry, long-term outcomes after TAVR are favorable with 3- and 5-year survival rates of 61.2% and 45.5%, respectively. Long-term survival after TAVR is largely determined by intrinsic patient factors. Other than stroke, procedural variables, including paravalvular aortic leak, did not appear to be independent predictors of long-term survival.