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Effects of melatonin on the prevention of delirium in hospitalized older patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol
November 2024
Department of Cardiology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 23 Yijinhuoluo West Street, Dongsheng District, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, PR China.
Objectives: Melatonin has been demonstrated to exert a preventive effect on delirium. This meta-analysis sought to investigate the preventive effects of melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists (ramelteon) on delirium in hospitalized elderly patients.
Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis delineates the risk of delirium events in older hospitalized patients with melatonin/ramelteon compared with placebo, incorporating randomized controlled trials published up to 8 July 2024.
Efficacy of a melatonin receptor agonist and orexin receptor antagonists in preventing delirium symptoms in the olderly patients with stroke: a retrospective study.
J Pharm Health Care Sci
November 2024
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin- Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Background: Post-stroke delirium affects between 24% and 43% of patients, and negatively impacts patient outcomes. Recently, research attention has been on preventive interventions for delirium, with melatonin receptor agonists and orexin receptor antagonists reported to be effective in preventing delirium in intensive care unit patients. However, the efficacy of these agents in preventing post-stroke delirium remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacological Prevention of Postoperative Delirium in Adults: A Review of Recent Literature.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiac and Vascular Anesthesia, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common issue for surgical patients that can result in cognitive problems, poorer outcomes, and higher healthcare costs, highlighting the need for strategies to reduce its occurrence.
- Recent studies have investigated various medications, with dexmedetomidine showing the most potential in preventing POD, although its optimal dosing and timing remain unclear; other drugs like acetaminophen and melatonin also need further exploration.
- Additionally, techniques like reducing anesthetic depth and using regional anesthesia are being considered, but they currently lack enough evidence to make strong recommendations, indicating a need for future research on these intervention strategies.
Relationship Between Melatonin Receptor Agonists and Parkinson's Disease.
J Pineal Res
August 2024
Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Parkinson's disease is a growing concern, projected to increase by over 30% by 2030, prompting research into new treatment strategies focusing on sleep and the circadian system.
- This study analyzed the relationship between melatonin receptor agonists (ramelteon, tasimelteon, and agomelatine) and Parkinson's disease using data from the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS).
- Findings showed that ramelteon and tasimelteon were negatively correlated with Parkinson's disease, while agomelatine had a positive correlation, indicating potential implications for developing new treatment options.
Postoperative Delirium and Neurocognitive Disorders: Updates for Providers Caring for Cancer Patients.
Curr Oncol Rep
October 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Purpose Of Review: To provide up to date information on postoperative delirium and neurocognitive disorders in surgical cancer patients.
Recent Findings: Established risk factors such as age, psychosocial factors, comorbidities, frailty and preexisting cognitive decline continue to exhibit associations with perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND); novel risk factors identified recently include microbiome composition and vitamin D deficiency. Prevention measures include cognitive prehabilitation, perioperative geriatric assessment and multidisciplinary care, dexmedetomidine and multimodal analgesic techniques.
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