sRNA and mRNA turnover in Gram-positive bacteria.

It is widely recognized that RNA degradation plays a critical role in gene regulation when fast adaptation of cell growth is required to respond to stress and changing environmental conditions. Bacterial ribonucleases acting alone or in concert with various trans-acting regulatory factors are important mediators of RNA degradation. Here, we will give an overview of what is known about ribonucleases in several Gram-positive bacteria, their specificities and mechanisms of action. In addition, we will illustrate how sRNAs act in a coordinated manner with ribonucleases to regulate the turnover of particular mRNA targets, and the complex interplay existing between the ribosome, the ribonucleases and RNAs.