AI Article Synopsis
- * The two notable G-protein coupled receptors in melanophores, Pac1a and Vpac2a, are down-regulated without light, suggesting their importance in melanin regulation.
- * Interestingly, while PACAP increases cAMP levels in melanophores, which typically leads to melanin dispersion, the study proposes that PACAP's interaction with Pac1a and other factors may actually promote melanin aggregation through a different signaling pathway.
Article Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) administered to tilapia melanophores ex-vivo causes significant pigment aggregation and this is a newly identified function for this peptide in fish. The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), adcyap1r1a (encoding Pac1a) and vipr2a (encoding Vpac2a), are the only receptors in melanophores with appreciable levels of expression and are significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated in the absence of light. Vpac2a is activated exclusively by peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), which suggests that Pac1a mediates the melanin aggregating effect of PACAP on melanophores. Paradoxically activation of Pac1a with PACAP caused a rise in cAMP, which in fish melanophores is associated with melanin dispersion. We hypothesise that the duplicate adcyap1ra and vipr2a genes in teleosts have acquired a specific role in skin and that the melanin aggregating effect of PACAP results from the interaction of Pac1a with Ramp that attenuates cAMP-dependent PKA activity and favours the Ca(2+)/Calmodulin dependent pathway.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.020 | DOI Listing |
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